Advertising and promotion strategy Essay

Since the inception of the company’s first outlet in Cleveland, Mississippi in the year 1987, Back Yard Burgers depended mostly on the word of mouth publicity to spread awareness and promote its home cooked burgers. New outlets that opened in the subsequent years expanded not only the company’s consumer base and revenue but also stressed the need for aggressive marketing strategy to sustain the increased cost of operations. Back Yard Burgers started advertising on the television in the year 1993. The initial advertising campaigns were titled â€Å"the great burger wars† that took a punch at the competitors. In June 1994 the company launched a series of campaigns that featured Dennis R. Phillipi, a popular comedian in Memphis who soon became famous as Dennis the â€Å"Back Yard Burgers Guy†. The commercials projected the burgers as bigger, tastier, and healthier than those offered by the competitors due to its grilled cooking method that melted most of the fat. The advertising campaigns were effective in increasing sales and raising the revenue by 10 to 15%. Launch of new products and subsequent commercials on the television featuring Dennis Phillipi was an effective strategy. The company used the audio of these commercials in radio advertising that was cheaper. In addition the company also used direct mail advertising. The company collects 1% of taxable sales from each franchisee and company-operated restaurants that goes to the national advertising fund. 50% of this fund is utilized for marketing promos through various channels like radio, television, and print media. The rest 50% is used for market research, new product testing, and development, improvising on the operational front. The company’s marketing director monitors product launch and new restaurant opening promotions and marketing managers with a well-trained staff. The management works in collaboration with the franchisees towards advertising and promotion of its restaurants. The advertising fee earned by the company increased from $314,000 in July 1, 2006 period to $318,000 in June 30, 2007 period. The $4000 increase over the earlier period is accounted to the 1% of sales that goes to the national advertising fund as per company policies. The company also recorded an increase in the advertising expense from $668,000 in the July 1, 2006 to $814,000 in June 30, 2007 that attributes to approximately 5% of the net restaurant sales on advertising in the past year. (see annexure for the comparative income statements). The company has been stressing on the advertising and promotion strategy but it has not been very effective. There are some important points that can be highlighted in this respect. †¢ The company has not been able to create brand loyalty and brand awareness in spite of good quality products and effective marketing strategy. This could be attributed to low brand visibility. This can be remedied with aggressive market campaigns that aim at the younger generation since this is the biggest consumer segment for the fast food industry. Strategies that aim for deeper market penetration, fun logo that people can relate to enjoyable food and moments are essential for brand positioning. â€Å"Fun logo† is a concept that the consumers can equate with good times. The simple logo of McDonald’s is easily identifiable and children and youngsters can spot it from a distance – this is one of the best examples of effective brand positioning. †¢ The other concept that the Back Yard Burgers can adopt is the use of bright color-coding for their outlets and the signboards. A bright color scheme attracts the younger generation and gives it an inviting look. The uniformity in look and feel of the franchisee restaurants and the other company-operated restaurant is essential to make an easily identifiable picture in the consumer minds. †¢ In running a successful brand promotion campaign the essential point is to identify the consumer segment. Who are the consumers and the target focus group for this chain of restaurants? The children and adolescents who form a major chunk of the consumer group typically favour the fast food industry. The working people segment is another segment that will stop by for fast and filling food in their office hours. Fast service food is ideal meal for this segment. Campaigns attracting these two segments will create brand awareness and spell higher revenues for the company. †¢ Last but not the least the quality of food and service efficiency is the crux of the fast food industry. A good and satisfying meal will have the consumers returning for more. The satisfied and happy customer will not only promote brand loyalty but will have high recommendations regarding the food and service to their friends and families. This is the greatest form of publicity that a fast food outlet can expect.

Humanities Baroque Essay

Dramatic religious paintings were being made Literature was being written in a way that it will be memorable. The King James version of the Bible had major impacts on the arts. It was finished in 1611 and was considered to be the most important change in English literature and printing (Ryken). It was set to transform the entire English language and keep the emotional influence. â€Å"The new translation of Scripture preserved the spiritual fervor of the Old Testament Hebrew and the narrative vigor of the New Testament Greek† (Fiero 62). The King James Version was a big part of the Baroque period because it was a piece of literature that had heightened emotional words and could actually be understood correctly by the reader. In Baroque artwork, viewers can visualize the emotional impact the painting has. Everything is in action and the painting is like shot in the middle of what’s going on. In Caravaggio’s The Crucifixion of Saint Peter, everything is painted right in the middle of the crucifixion. Saint Peter is not even up yet but in the middle of getting there. The painting is activated and has complex movements. Gravity has a very powerful pull in this picture as well. Viewers can see the emotion in Saint Peter’s face that he is scared but brave. Caravaggio made sure to tell a story in this painting with emotion since you see a poor, innocent, and homeless looking man being crucified. Everything from the guy’s dirty feet and bottom who hoisting up Saint Peter is basically sticking out to the viewer’s face. The three men do not show there face as they crucify Saint Peter and it adds mystery as to who would do such an act. Everything from the nails in Saint Peter’s hands to the dirt on their feet is very real and descriptive. Light is also emphasized in this painting as well because of the black background. The Baroque period and its artwork gave out real emotion while the action is happening. All the tension in one painting is thrown into the viewers’ faces (Fiero). Music in the Baroque period surrounded itself with rhythm, melody, terraced dynamics, texture, and basses. Composers would express emotions and affection in their music and broke away from the Medieval times by using vocal and instrumental music. A famous composer in the Baroque period was Johann Sebastian Bach. He used to mainly do church music but then developed a more musical potential for the concerto form. The best composed song in his career was called The Art of Fugue. â€Å"A fugue is a polyphonic composition in which a single musical theme is restated in sequential phrases† (Fiero). Baroque music brought in emotions and even listeners who don’t even understand the brilliance composition of Bach, can grow a love for his music just listening to it. The Baroque period brought in emotion to everything like literature, paintings, and music. It forever changed literature and the English language for people to understand it better and are able to be moved by the words in text instead of just reading it.

Google Case Study

Katherine Carter Strategies and Policies Case Study 8 Internet Search and the Growth of Google In 1997 the domain name google. com was registered by two Stanford students name Sergey Bring and Larry Page. In 1998, it became a privately owned, incorporated company known as Google Inc. Within 6 years of its inception, Google acquired 75% of US web search market. Even the word â€Å"google†, became a verb in our society as one would say, â€Å"let’s google him! †. Google revolutionized the internet search industry by charging its advertisers differently that ever done before.First, they auctioned off certain â€Å"key words† and when such key words were typed in a query, web users were directed to those advertisers web page. In addition, advertisers were charged on a â€Å"per click† based upon how many users actually clicked on their page. By 2010, 70% of all internet advertising was being spent at Google. That same year, Google had $29. 8 Billion in revenues with $8. 5 billion in net profit. Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.The Google we know organizes the world’s internet information and makes it accessible to us via its search engines using algorithms and state of the art technology. Even though Google currently at the top of their field currently, they still have competitors. Their business model must be changed continually to stay abreast of new ideas, new technology, and new competitors. Strengths Most efficient search engine on internet Brand equity – most recognized brand name Needs very little end user marketing Very strong R and D skillsProvides an interface to approximately 88 languages State of art technology Not biased towards advertisers Ability to manage strategic change Executive Management Large cash flow Default search engine for many Innovative culture Comprehensive product mix Weaknesses Business model is complex Eccentric practices confuse/anger investors Poor product marketing Inappropriate organization Growth without direction Cumbersome hiring practices Opportunities Increase demand for information International market Computer literacy on the rise Expands profits with diversificationExploits new market segments Applies R and D skills in new areas Enters into new related businesses Applies brand name capital in new areas Seeks fast market growth Threats Legal challenges Multi industry competition Specialized search engines Click fraud Advertising space becoming more competitive RECOMENDATIONS Internet advertising is expected to continue to grow with search based advertising to account for 41. 2% of all U. S. Online advertising. Google will need to maintain its market dominance in order to stay on top of this game.As evidenced by Microsoft, who spent and lost billions attempting to build a search engine to complete with Google, it is most likely that competition will ultimately come from cooperation amoungs competitors. Recently, Microsoft and Yahoo have teamed up. Facebook also presents a threat to Google as it currently has in excess of 750 million users. Microsoft has invested over $210 million in Facebook. In order to continue to dominate, Google must continue to increase its offering of services such as e-mail (g-mail), a calendar, and photo sharing.This will lead to further loyalty with users. They must also continue to search for new areas of income thus diversifying. As example of this is â€Å"google apps† and the word processing program â€Å"Writely†, both developed to compete with Microsoft. Another example is the Google’s operating system for smart phones known as Android. Android let the market with a 31. 5% share of all smart phones sold in 2011. Analysts contend that Google’s new product offerings have a mixed success record. Google must refine their R and D to pick more winners to be developed and offered to end users.Thi s mixed review of new products no doubt stems from the current corporate structure. It is reported that there is no current efficient allocation of corporate personnel resources and massive duplication amongst those resources. This and other employment strategies must be addressed. Google must also search for future partners to team with to further broaden income and user loyalty. An example of a partnership is the one between Google and U Tube. Should Google not find and further these potential partnerships, it competitors surely will. Google Case Study Katherine Carter Strategies and Policies Case Study 8 Internet Search and the Growth of Google In 1997 the domain name google. com was registered by two Stanford students name Sergey Bring and Larry Page. In 1998, it became a privately owned, incorporated company known as Google Inc. Within 6 years of its inception, Google acquired 75% of US web search market. Even the word â€Å"google†, became a verb in our society as one would say, â€Å"let’s google him! †. Google revolutionized the internet search industry by charging its advertisers differently that ever done before.First, they auctioned off certain â€Å"key words† and when such key words were typed in a query, web users were directed to those advertisers web page. In addition, advertisers were charged on a â€Å"per click† based upon how many users actually clicked on their page. By 2010, 70% of all internet advertising was being spent at Google. That same year, Google had $29. 8 Billion in revenues with $8. 5 billion in net profit. Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.The Google we know organizes the world’s internet information and makes it accessible to us via its search engines using algorithms and state of the art technology. Even though Google currently at the top of their field currently, they still have competitors. Their business model must be changed continually to stay abreast of new ideas, new technology, and new competitors. Strengths Most efficient search engine on internet Brand equity – most recognized brand name Needs very little end user marketing Very strong R and D skillsProvides an interface to approximately 88 languages State of art technology Not biased towards advertisers Ability to manage strategic change Executive Management Large cash flow Default search engine for many Innovative culture Comprehensive product mix Weaknesses Business model is complex Eccentric practices confuse/anger investors Poor product marketing Inappropriate organization Growth without direction Cumbersome hiring practices Opportunities Increase demand for information International market Computer literacy on the rise Expands profits with diversificationExploits new market segments Applies R and D skills in new areas Enters into new related businesses Applies brand name capital in new areas Seeks fast market growth Threats Legal challenges Multi industry competition Specialized search engines Click fraud Advertising space becoming more competitive RECOMENDATIONS Internet advertising is expected to continue to grow with search based advertising to account for 41. 2% of all U. S. Online advertising. Google will need to maintain its market dominance in order to stay on top of this game.As evidenced by Microsoft, who spent and lost billions attempting to build a search engine to complete with Google, it is most likely that competition will ultimately come from cooperation amoungs competitors. Recently, Microsoft and Yahoo have teamed up. Facebook also presents a threat to Google as it currently has in excess of 750 million users. Microsoft has invested over $210 million in Facebook. In order to continue to dominate, Google must continue to increase its offering of services such as e-mail (g-mail), a calendar, and photo sharing.This will lead to further loyalty with users. They must also continue to search for new areas of income thus diversifying. As example of this is â€Å"google apps† and the word processing program â€Å"Writely†, both developed to compete with Microsoft. Another example is the Google’s operating system for smart phones known as Android. Android let the market with a 31. 5% share of all smart phones sold in 2011. Analysts contend that Google’s new product offerings have a mixed success record. Google must refine their R and D to pick more winners to be developed and offered to end users.Thi s mixed review of new products no doubt stems from the current corporate structure. It is reported that there is no current efficient allocation of corporate personnel resources and massive duplication amongst those resources. This and other employment strategies must be addressed. Google must also search for future partners to team with to further broaden income and user loyalty. An example of a partnership is the one between Google and U Tube. Should Google not find and further these potential partnerships, it competitors surely will.

Counrywide Financial

Countrywide Financial: The Subprime Meltdown 1. Are subprime loans an Unethical financial instrument, or are they ethical but misused in a way that created ethical issues? In my opinion I think subprime loans is an ethical in some ways but for the most part it’s got misused. One way that I think subprime was misused was the fact that when the economy began to slow down, people started working more and earning less money, subprime lending continued to lend to increasingly risky buyers.Another cause of misusing subprime lending was the fact that they allowed real estate appraisers to inflate the value of a home to insure loans would go through 2. Discuss the ethical issue that caused the downfall of countrywide Financial. One of the Ethical issue that cause the downfall of countrywide financial is the allegations that accused them of increasing its profit by offering subprime loans to people who qualified for regular loans.Another Ethical issue that caused countrywide financial to there downfall was the fact that they gave out liar loans. Liar loans were loans that required no proof of borrowers income or assets allowing consumers to purchase homes while having few or no assets. Many homeowners with liar loans could not pay their mortgages nor were they able to refinance their homes. 3. How should Bank of America deal with potential ethical and legal misconduct discovered at countrywide?One of the ways I think Bank of America should deal with potential ethical and legal misconduct is by dealing with all the lawsuits that have been filed against the company for dumping homeowners with predatory loan practices. Something else I think Bank of America should start doing is managing Countrywide’s debt by helping homeowners by reducing there interest rate so the foreclosure rate could get lower.

Legal Reasoning and Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal Reasoning and Writing - Essay Example ublic’s interest and recognizes states’ legislative authority that the courts would uphold based on the precedent that the case of Jacobson v Massachusetts’ (1905) set. Facts to the case identify an epidemic, viral gastroenteritis, in the nation, which is also significant in the capital of South Caledonia. There has been a series of the viral infection that affects groups such as people in schools, apartment complexes, and has been reported in large emergency shelters. Viral gastroenteritis causes fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and affects people by limiting their ability to go to work when they are sick or by forcing people to stay at home to take care of the infection’s victims. There are however only few cases of hospitalization and two reported fatalities. A vaccine was developed a year ago and the FDA approved it for its proven effectiveness and limited adverse effects that is only realized as a sore at the point of injection. State Legislature of South Caledonia then passed a law requiring all people to receive vaccination with a fine of $ 750 for non-compliance unless a person receives state approval for exempt ion. Even though Mr. Russell does not qualify for exemption under the statute, he does not wish to apply for exemption and does not want to receive vaccination. Instead, he wishes to sue the state for protection of his liberty. The constitution, statutes, and case laws are some of the sources of law for guiding judicial decisions and the case of Jacobson v Massachusetts (1905) offers a basis for interpreting conflicting provisions of the constitution and the statute of South Caledonia. While the constitution provides for protection of individuals rights and liberty, Fourteenth Amendment, it also restricts such rights based on rights of other citizens, the Ninth Amendment, and grants states legislative power (Schultz, 2009). The facts of the Jacobson v Massachusetts’ case in which Jacobson declined to receive

Case against death penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Case against death penalty - Essay Example Some people view that the death penalty is barbaric, expensive, and executed in an arbitrary way. Some people also cite death penalty as a cause of psychological burden to the executers, prone to errors, and a mark of death and not life. Death penalty also causes sorrow to the families of victims, create unfairness, and fails as deterrence. With better ways of punishing capital offenders, there are many reasons justice systems should stop practicing death penalty, but employ other humane alternatives. Death penalty is a barbaric act of punishing capital offenders as compared to other options like life imprisonment (Banner 169). The practice of the death penalty is a cruel form of ending the life of capital offenders, because justice systems take their life with no thought about it. Today, it is true that the death penalty has evolved from severe brutality to more decent forms of taking the life of those sentenced to death. However, that notion that justice systems can end the life of a capital offender makes the practice brutal and barbaric. Some decades ago, this practice was a key attraction for all people in society, particular those who were interested in seeing others being shot or hanged. Despite the public attention to such events, the practice still displays the brutality that offenders receive when justice systems subjects them to this practice. With the society embracing a peaceful society where brutality is outdated, there are many reasons why justice systems should abo lish the death penalty.

Describe the different perspectives used to explain the process of Essay

Describe the different perspectives used to explain the process of childrens development,to what extent can child development be seen as a natural process - Essay Example In a historical and biological perspective, motherhood has played a crucial role in mapping of childhood. It is normal for mothers to turn hostile in a bid to protect their loved ones. It is argued that the discovery of motherhood in the recent past has done greatly to improve the life of children and has also contributed greatly to the end of the stealing of children as was witnessed in some societies in the last centuries. Child development refers to growth aspects of children which can be in aspects of biological and physiological. There are many factors that denote this development primarily being evidenced in increasing autonomy of children. Childhood development is witnessed in various stages of growth from newborn to infants to toddler to preschool to school aged and it is concluded by adolescent stage. Childhood development is marked in different milestones which can be defined as specific physical and mental abilities which correspond to various stages of development. (Hixson, 2004) Childhood development id expressed in development milestones which appears in the first five years of life. Childhood development is represented in some perspectives which are used as marks of the milestone. These include physical development, social and emotional development, thinking skills and communication skills. These perspectives are the ones which are used to gauge the level of development of a child from childhood. It is to be understood that these are used as markers or indicators of growth for children as expressed in different growth milestones. In a real growth, development in one area overlaps the development in another area but generally this development works to reinforce a development in another area and at the same time it is reinforced by development in another area. Let us look closely at these developments. (Dunst and Kassow, 2004) Physical development is represented in growth in the physical body like gain in height with. This is perhaps one of the most important makers of growth in children and is often used by many mothers to assess children hood development. Some of development in physical development included raising head slightly when lying on stomach, hold hand in a fist, lift head and chest, grasping, crawling, walking, standing and others. Social and emotional developments are hard to point than other aspects of growth in physical development. Social and emotional development is laid more on skills that increase self-awareness and self-regulation. There is evidence that social skills and emotional development are important makers of readiness for school. They are usually reflected in the ability of the child to pay attention, make transitions, and cooperate with others. Social development is marked in the way a child relates with others. This is the long process of self awareness and may continue for long time till adolescent stage. (James and Prout, 1997) Before there were studies on the thinking or cognitive skills of children, they were once thought to be passive and unknowing. However it has been proved that children are active learner and they develop in their cognitive ability. Children are actively involved in gathering information. These skills help in to progress in development of perceptual and thinking skills. Some to these developments include vision,

Nowruz and My Husbands Mother Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nowruz and My Husbands Mother - Essay Example The Nowruz holiday marks the first day of spring and the beginning of the New Year within Persian culture. The holiday itself is an ancient holiday, dating back nearly three thousand years. The holiday itself has many traditions, perhaps most notably a large-scale feast. Another specific traditional is the importance of entirely cleaning the home in a sort of ‘spring cleaning’ process. In addition to these traditions, it is important for family to visit and re-establish relationships and connections. It was in this context that my husband’s family first visited. While I had been married for over a year at the time, I had yet to meet my husband’s family. His parents lived in Iran and were not able to make it to the United States for our wedding ceremony. We had made plans to meet many times, but because of mutual complications they had been canceled time and time again. This resulted in a growing amount of anxiety over meeting my husband’s family. Whi le my husband and I had a strong relationship and were madly in love, I was not sure how his parents would respond to me. I was only slightly familiar with Persian culture, and added to this confusion was my husband’s stories about growing up in a strict household and frequently being punished for misbehaving. With these stories in mind I had developed a perception of his family as a dark and caustic group of individuals. My husband’s family was about to arrive. We had done a large-scale cleaning of our house and become prepared for the large Nowruz feast for the evening. As their rental car pulled into the driveway, followed by his sister’s car with her husband and children, deep dread grew in my stomach. The doorbell rang and suddenly they were inside and we were introducing ourselves to each other. While I had dreadful expectations I soon came to realize that my preconceptions were completely off-based. His family turned out to be as natural and understanding as any group of individuals I had encountered. It was not long before the group of individuals and I was sharing jokes and stories. They had arrived at noon, and at 5:00 PM we sat down to eat the traditional New Year’s meal of Sabzi Polo. While I had quickly grown fond of his family, the meal --- a collection of coriander, parsley, chives, and dill – left much to be desired. Still, the dinner was a memorable experie nce. Another reason my experience on this Nowruz was so memorable was because what occurred after the meal. When we finished putting the dishes away, my husband and his father settled into a television show, and his sisters’ family left for their hotel. My mother-in-law asked me to take her to the store so she could buy ice cream. On the way to the store we began to talk and I expressed to her the anxiety I had before meeting my husband’s family. I can’t recall her exact words, but she had a very welcoming way of receiving my fears. She then began to express to me how she felt before meeting her husband’s family over thirty-years earlier, and we recognized that we shared many of the same thoughts. As we pulled back into the driveway, she gave me a gift and told me to open it. Inside was a necklace that she had received from her mother-in-law – a family heirloom. She then expressed how she wanted me to have it, as she knew

Create Research Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Create Research Questions - Essay Example The research questions that will be looked at in this article will focus on the proposals that were produced by Padgett with more emphasis on what should be expected in future research studies in this field. One of the research proposals focused on a study of treatment related and substance related outcomes based on the 48 month study conducted on the housing first and treatment first program for the homeless people suffering from severe mental illness (Padget, 2006). The main aim of the study was to determine whether the findings of the previous studies can be sustained or they may end up changing after some period of time. In order to look at what should be expected in the future, the following research questions will be addressed: The research questions above reflect on some aspects that were discussed by Padget (2004) in her proposals based on the studies that were conducted. In order for a research methodology to be selected there is need to carefully check up on the research questions so as to ascertain the nature of the methodology to be used. In this case a qualitative methodology will be more appropriate based on the fact that empirical materials will be collected to in order to carry out the study. With regards to the case study on the homeless people suffering with severe mental illness the appropriate method of collecting data for the this study will be through sampling and recruitment. Participants will be chosen based on selected criteria after which interviews will be conducted on each respective participant in order to collect their findings. It is well noted that the approval of each participant greatly considered before pushing forward with the research study. A structured interview will be best suited in carrying out the research study and thus the research questions will be analysed in detail based on the response of

Personalized Medicine and Biomarkers (Biomedical Informatics) Research Paper

Personalized Medicine and Biomarkers (Biomedical Informatics) - Research Paper Example Biomedical informatics and health informatics is an interdisciplinary field which integrates different fields such as computer science, biology, medicine and health care. It fosters an effective analysis and management of data for its application in health care. Bernstam et al , [1] defines biomedical informatics as a science of information where data is presented together with meaning in finding solutions to biomedical related problems. This makes the field distinct from related fields such as biomedicine, bioinformatics and computer science. Computers provide the interface between the data which they process and humans interpret the meaning of the data, a task the computers are incapable of carrying out appropriately. This field has gained relevance because of the rise in use of electronic health records and the plethora of data emanating from genomics research, [2]. Because of the growth of the data available to professionals in the healthcare, there has been a change in the patte rn of medical decision making towards the requirement of informatics and information technology platform to assist medics in their decision making. Personalized medicine is a form of medicine that makes use of personal information derived from person’s genes, proteins and environment to assist in disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment, [3]. A biomarker is a variable which can be a gene, protein, or chemical which is altered in disease condition. Biomarkers are classified as prognostic, predictive or therapeutic biomarkers. Prognostic biomarkers try to assess the likely cause of a disease whereas predictive ones assess the probability of whether a patient will benefit from a particular therapy. In the recent times, personalized medicine has been ameliorated by a more improved molecular understanding of disease thereby introducing effective

International Relations look at the instruction Essay

International Relations look at the instruction - Essay Example In such a situation, the existence of US forces serves to be a balance of power in the region. This paper peeps into these aspects and also highlights the importance of multilateral arrangements for the promotion of security in the region. There has been an ever-increasing international concern, particularly on the part of the United States, regarding the state of security in the Asia Pacific region. United States has had vested interests in military deployment during the Cold War as to the influence of Russia in the region. After the Cold War, the American military existence and its continuity in the East Asian countries happens to be a debatable issue, owing to the perceived future friction among the states. Ball (1994, p87) states that, "one of the unfortunate consequences of the end of the Cold War is the likely increase in regional conflict". The existence and influence of US military forces in the Asia Pacific region acts as a buffer to protect the region from any possible contravention arising among the powerful states such as China, Japan etc. After the end of the Cold War, uncertainty concerning the state of regional security happens to be a constant factor. Many countries in the region comprehend the military power and influence of other countries as threatening to their national interests, hence creating a lack of cooperation among the states for regional peace. The most important element in this case happens to be the unprecedented growth of China as the regional power and rising concerns of East Asian countries regarding their national security. Several Asian Pacific countries have remained in alliance with the United States so as to curtail the political and military threats posed by China. Pablo-Baviera (2003, p343) elaborates that, "for Japan, Australia, the Philippines, Thailand, and even Singapore, alliances are seen as part of a hedging strategy in the event that the trajectory of China's development results in it becoming aggressive towards neighbors". This indicates a heightening sense of insecurity in the region concerning the possible consequences of aggression on the part of China towards these countries. In turn, these countries regard their alliance with the US forces as significant for the regional balance of power. Pablo-Baviera (2003, p343) also exposits that, "South Korea appears to be an exception in terms of perceptions of a China threat. The main role of its alliance with the United States is perceived as preventing aggression by North Korea against itself". The major challenge seen by South Korea encompasses the possibility of any action on the part of North Korea to despoil its national sovereignty. North Korea has, in essence, remained detached from the wave of cooperation in the region. Furthermore, the country's passion towards the expansion of its nuclear program causes profound terror to its neighboring countries. Cossa and Khanna (1997, p232) says that, "the isolation of North Korea and its hostility towards the South is one of the uncertain question facing regional relations". This contributes significantly to the regional instability by disengaging countries from collaborating with each other. With respect to North Korean nuclear progression, United States shares the same concern s on security issues, as this goes against the country's own national interests as well. This element

Psychology Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Psychology - Personal Statement Example It seriously mattered what others had on mind about me so I had been cautiously acting and speaking in this regard. I may not be conscious of this issue as it was back then but with my present level of thinking and discernment of situations with youths in general, I manage to assess that my 'self-concept' of identity and recognition at that early age was normally attached with my concern of views beyond myself. The unpleasant scenario with my aunt may not be the most embarrassing yet it was by far sufficiently concrete even to this point, that it left me somewhat speechless and sleepless in a couple of days pondering how I could possibly reconstruct the image of confidence lost. By the time I discovered that this case is not isolated like the treatment I gave it, I gradually learned how to cope emotionally with similar occasions that followed. On witnessing that some acquaintances and neighbors had also undergone times as unfortunate, I could relate and sensed a significant connectio n that my feelings began adjusting to the level where I first acknowledged the type of emotion involved then took control by diverting my attention to other concerns and understanding that time heals in the process. As a child, this development is essential particularly as I aimed to replenish hopes and composed myself due to realization of a chief interest. Because I looked up to someone and wanted something like all the other children had, I could not let distressing emotions blow my drive to yield to such ends. Consequently, I was able to identify an emotional trend or cycle which would often remind me to keep calm and have patience on anticipating subsidence of an upset sentiment. Currently, though I consider varying approach in dealing with circumstances that entail getting embarrassed, learning the basics through my concrete operational stage stays intact. When I turned a sophomore in high school, I had a friend in campus whom I was with constantly and who strongly convinced m e to try part-time jobs for some extra cash in addition to the allowances given on a regular basis by my parents. With loads of school work however, I could not quite manage whenever another task got in the way so I did not fully proceed with the job offer but helped my friend instead in exchange of commissions we had agreed I could be apportioned with on accomplishing my part of the project. At that age, the material or physical drive of earning income all the more urged my sense of independence to grow, thinking that it would be a mature step to prepare myself for a more challenging endeavor later on. Little did I know that the more I thought so ideally of managing my situations of acquiring my own means of financial support, the more I was consumed with impatience in handling other important matters. It did feel emotionally rewarding as it encouraged me to work hard and be proud upon discovery of new potentials at first but as the going got tough, I got exhausted at the expense o f my studies and healthy interactions. I became rebellious toward my parents unconsciously, seeking my way with reasons and pointing out that there was something I could prove.

Psychological disorders Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Psychological disorders - Movie Review Example He is amoral and has no problem being rude and condescending to his friends. After he tires of Tom Ripley’s company, he decides to tell him to leave by telling him he is boring with little regard for his feelings. He calls him a leach who is taking over his possessions and his life although he is the one who had invited him to stay with him. Additionally, he continuously has other sexual relations behind his girlfriends back and shows no remorse for it. He is so charming that he has no problem talking himself out of any problem. Discrepancies and any shortcomings he may have are hidden under a faà §ade of unrestrained adventurism and nonchalance. Although he has an endless supply of his father’s money, he selfishly refuses to lend any money to his lover who urgently needs it to have an abortion. He additionally cannot accept responsibility for her death when she commits suicide after the fact. Individuals suffering from narcissistic personality disorder can be effectively treated through individual cognitive behavioral therapy over a long period of time. The goal or outcome of the treatment is usually to modify distorted thoughts while creating a realistic self image. It is worth noting that successful treatment is usually hindered by the individual’s unwillingness to admit that they suffer from the disorder (APA). Psychopaths intellectualize and rationalize their behavior in a manner that shows dysfunction of conscience. They show no remorse for defrauding and hurting others. They are unable to adapt to societal norms and are usually unable to truly find their true identity. They tend to take up the identities of those that they admire or of people they would want to be. Tom Ripley is the perfect example of a psychopath whose main desire is to belong to a higher social class. He passes himself off as a Princeton graduate by wearing a blazer with the Princeton crest on the pocket. He fools Mr. Greenleaf into

Two Techniqyes in Hospitals Laboratory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Two Techniqyes in Hospitals Laboratory - Essay Example This paper summarizes each of these methods and provides examples of their relevance to biomedical research and clinical medicine. Flow Cytometry Analytical flow cytometry (AFC) is used to assess the biochemical composition of cells using an optical scanner in the assessment of individual cells as they are screened individually at a rapid rate (approximately 100 cells per second) through an optical scanner (Boddy et al 2001; Givan 2001). This methodology permits quantitative measurements of molecular components within each cell individually (Davey & Kell 1996; Givan 2001). An important medical use of AFC is the identification of specific strains of infectious bacteria in infected cells obtained from patient biopsy (Boddy et al 2001). Once the pathogen is identified, AFC is also used in therapeutic assessment of antibiotics on the clinical course of infection by examining patient cells by AFC post-treatment. In this regard, AFC is an important biomedical tool in the assessment of para meters of clinical sensitivity and resistance of specific bacterial strains to specific therapeutic regimens (Davey & Kell, 1996). In addition, AFC can be used to measure the cellular DNA and protein concentration and the activity of specific enzymes (Roederer 2001). The capability of AFC to assess molecular content within individual cells involves the use of fluorescence measurements to characterize the biochemical components of cells. In this technique, fluorescent probes are applied to specific cell molecules which are then assessed via the detection of optical excitation patterns emitted by these optically labeled cell components. (Shapiro 2003). These optical excitation patterns emitted by the fluorescently labeled cell components can be used to pinpoint specific types of molecules and to quantitate their concentrations within the cell (Shapiro 2003). This accuracy is facilitated by the standardization of controlled flow by means of hydrodynamic focusing methods (Shapiro 2003). Further analytical sophistication can be achieved by the use of multiple optical beams and two channel detectors to detect two different cellular signals at the same time in the same scan while providing a high sensitivity (Zhong et al 2005). Labeled nanoparticles are also be utilized as probes in the molecular assessment of cell composition (Zhong et al 2005). In addition to biochemical composition, AFC can be used to assess cell proliferation by means of accurately identifying cell cycle composition of dividing mitotic cells. This assessment can be carried out in individual cells (Pozaroski & Darzynkiewicz 2004). This method requires the DNA binding dye propidium iodide (Shapiro 2003). DNA and protein content can be assessed simultaneously in individual cells by means of bivariate analysis and comparisons between normal cells and tumor cells (Pozaroski & Darzynkiewicz 2004). This technique also permits the evaluation of cell viability on an individual basis and can distinguish ce ll death resulting from apoptosis versus necrotic mechanisms (Bertho et al 2000). Apoptosis results in a characteristic cell fragmentation into small apoptotic bodies containing fragmented DNA segments; this process can be detected by AFC and distinguished from plasma membrane degradation which is characteristic of necrotic cell death mechanisms. Cell viability measurements are an important component of disease assessment with regard to the identification of pathogenic mechanisms that may cause cell

Dr Zhivago And Political Ideologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Dr Zhivago And Political Ideologies - Essay Example The movie encompasses the entire situation by concentrating upon the activities and condition of general public, which had witnessed tremendous changes in social, financial and cultural scenario of their country. The revolution had actually been organized against the prevailing social discrimination, injustices and inequalities in the Tsarist imperialist Russian political structure, which had given birth to the exploitation of haves-not or suppressed classes at the hands of haves or elite stratum. â€Å"For centuries, autocratic and repressive czarist regimes ruled the country and most of the population lived under severe economic and social conditions. Consequently, movements for overthrowing the oppressive government were staged at different times by students, workers, peasants, and members of the nobility.† (emayzine.com) Somehow, failure of these efforts added to popular discontent with the government’s corruption and inefficiency. In 1917 these events resulted in t he fall of the czarist government and the establishment of the Bolshevik Party, which would bestow respectable place upon workers and peasants, according to the expectations of the people. Anarchy, Chaos and Revolution: Though the revolution had brought the glad tidings regarding the implementation of the noble principles of social justice and equality, in the aftermath of the fall of age-old Tsarist imperialism, yet it failed to exhibit freedom and justice according to the high hopes established by the Russian subjects. Consequently, civil war broke out in the country, between the pro-Tsar White Army, liberals, reactionaries and land owners on the one hand, and the farmers, peasants, students, revolutionists and Bolshevik Red Army led by the Leninist-socialists on the other, turning the country into a sorry state of affairs. The movie successfully draws out the turmoil, anarchy and disturbance the people underwent at the outbreak of civil war, which laid indelible impact on the pol itical and social scenario of the country. Additionally, the civil war created unrest and chaos by destabilizing the economic activities of the masses. Thus, the movie under-analysis accurately reflects the entire socio-cultural scenario of the Soviet Russia during and after the war, which ended in the success of the Red Army and imposition of Socialist doctrine in its true spirit subsequently. The movie also throws light on the negative aspects of socialism, which had not been taken into consideration before the establishment of very first socialist governmental system in any part of the globe. The movie reveals the affects of revolution and civil war on the socioeconomic condition of the general public, the position of whom appears to become more and more miserable and pathetic because of the social evils and curses including corruption, nepotism, favoritism, embezzlement of public treasure and misuse of power, adopted by the socialists in the prestigious name of revolution. The e ntire social establishment brought uncertainty and insecurity, and thus paved the way towards the restlessness and disorder in the everyday life of the Russian people at large. The writer looks ridiculing over the u-turn taken by the Bolsheviks as soon as they are at the helm of the government. The film shows how the Bolshevik leaders and workers used to support individual freedom

Classical greek influence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Classical greek influence - Research Paper Example Zeus was the king of Greek gods and god of weather and rains in ancient Greece. Zeus like other gods prevented humankind from making progress and learning the basics of life. These gods punished people for not obeying their orders. Gods were against the use of fire by human beings as it was the symbol of power for the god and goddess (Roebuck, 1984). Doric, Ionic and Corinthian were the architectural orders used by people, which were commonly seen in their temples. Doric was the basic order that was used previously by Spartans (Durant, 1997). Initially wooden structures were used and these were replaced with stones later on. Religion and god images are very clear on construction of golden age. Corinthian order was not frequently used for being very fancy. Ionic architecture was the final order. Dimensions of these orders were eight to nine feet high instead of four feet. Sculpture shapes are also found on the Ionic structure. Stones were also used to carve hair shape and other religious shapes in the Ionic architecture (Durant,

Computer sciences and technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computer sciences and technology - Essay Example Today, the internet has become an indispensable tool to every facet of the human civilization; be it political, social, or economical. As clichà © as it sounds, it made the world smaller. By connecting people thousands of leagues apart, it altered the way the world interact and helped the culture of each nation evolve towards a more globally centred one. If one will ask any high school student about the essence of the internet, the answer he will probably get is, â€Å"to be connected to anyone in the world†. With the advent and dominance of social networking sites such as Facebook and twitter, it is not surprising at all to have such a mainstream response. After all, the internet is every bit about connectivity. It is about building bridges from one part of the world to another; about destroying the barriers of each culture in order to let them grow and embrace positive changes. The internet has allowed the social scope of every culture to focus not only on a single-race interaction, but rather to foster a multi-racial relationship. Forty years ago, before the internet was born, social interaction is on a more personal level. People can talk just about anything under the sun – from the things they are interested the most to the not so interesting topics at all – with them conversing face to face. Although interaction through the internet can never be as personal as before, the integration of a multi-cultural perspective makes every topic of conversation as interesting, if not even more. This mixed perspective is the primary factor pushing socialization to greater horizons The internet has played a great role in reshaping the face of Politics, particularly its dynamics. It has completely revolutionized how political campaigns are carried out. It can be a highly effective platform with which political views can be shared to persuade people to vote for a candidate. Social networking sites and blogging are now being tapped as a way to

Review of the book Women in Ancirnt Egypt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review of the book Women in Ancirnt Egypt - Essay Example One point that Gay Robins make that is not all Egyptian women looked like Cleopatra or Nefertiti. Just like not all American women look like models, Egyptian women came in all sizes, shapes, and could be ugly, plain, or beautiful. Most of the Egyptian art that is famous contains pictures of the powerful and beautiful women. However upon second glance of the Ancient Egyptian art, Robins gleans information about all Egyptian women. Instead of taking a patriarchal look at Ancient Egypt, because that was the view in which the written and art was made, Robins delves into the past like no other. Although describing common women, Robins also looks at women rulers and other royalty. She shows how these women rulers were placed on the level of a goddess. The royal women had influence, although not directly. A king’s wife, mother, or daughter could affect his decisions. This shows that even in Ancient Egypt women were strong influences on the men around them despite the male dominant role in this society. Priestesses were also examined in this book. After years of a male dominated society stating that priestesses were pagan and evil, Robins show how these women did fertility and other rituals. These priestesses were the religion in Ancient Egypt. They were honored and adored by many in order to have their wishes granted. It might have seem superstitious to the current audience, but many of today’s religions would seem superstitious to the Ancient Egyptians. Since Robins is examining Ancient Egyptian women through a woman’s perspective, issues concerning women are shown. Examples range from fertility to marriage. Other issues were jobs outside the home, incest, and children. Cosmetics used by Ancient Egyptian women were explained. Soap and hair removal products were also examined. All of these issues did not just affect men, but women as

Business Decision Making Assiment Essay Example for Free

Business Decision Making Assiment Essay You should sign this sheet to show that you comply with these regulations. Student’s Signature Date Acknowledgement I take this chance to thank Miss. M. PriyanthimalaWho helped me to improve and developed this particular project. She explained well about the project and sacrificed her most of the time to explain and also made sure that all the students understood. She was ready to help out in any time and gave her full support for this particular project. I finally would like to thank my parents, friends and others for helping to do this project. Thank you TASKS| PAGE NO| Task 01| 04| Task 02| 09| Task 03| 14| Task 04| 16| Task 05| 24| Task 06| 27| Task 07| 31| Task 08| 32| Task 09| 34| Task 10| 35| Task 11| 38| Task 12| 43| Task 13| 44| Task 14| 47| Task 15| 49| Reference | 51| Task 1 T 1. 1 Difference between a sample and a population Population| Sample| * Population is the area in which you are trying to get information from. * This meaning of population is also used in survey research, but this is only one of many possible definitions of population. Examples: Cedar Crest students; trees in North America; automobiles with four wheels; people who consume olive oil. | * Sample is a section of your population that you are actually going to survey. It is important to have a sample that will represent your entire population in order to minimize biases. Survey research is based on sampling, which involves getting information from only some members of the population. * Samples can be drawn in several different ways, such as probability samples, quota samples, purposive samples, and volunteer samples. Examples assuming the populations stated above: 47 Cedar Crest students chosen randomly; 8463 trees randomly selected in North America; 20 sample autos from each make (e. g. , GM, Ford, Toyota, Honda, etc. ); 1% of the oil consuming population per country| T 1. 2 Describe the advantages of sampling * Sampling  saves money  as it is much cheaper to  collect  the desired information from a small  sample  than from the whole population. * Sampling  saves a lot of time and energy as the needed data are collected and processed much faster than census information. And this is a very important consideration in all types of investigations or surveys. * Sampling  provides information that is almost as accurate as that obtained from a complete census; rather a properly designed and carefully executed  sample  survey will provide more accurate results. Moreover, owing to the reduced volume of work, persons of higher caliber and properly trained can be employed to analyze the data. * Sampling  makes it possible to obtain more detailed information from each unit of the  sample  as collecting data from a few units of the population (i. e. ample) can be more complete and thorough. * Sampling  is essential to obtaining the data when the measurement process  physically  damages or destroys the  sampling  unit under  investigation. For example, in order to measure the average lifetime of  light bulbs, the measurement process destroys the  sampling  units, i. e. the bulbs, as they are used until they burn out. A manufacturer will therefore use only a  sample  of  light bulbs  for this purpose and will not burn out all the bulbs produced. Similarly, the whole pot of soup cannot be tasted to determine if it has an acceptable flavor. Sampling  may be the only means available for obtaining the needed information when the population appears to be infinite or is inaccessible such as the population of mountainous or thickly forested areas. In such cases, taking $ complete census to  collect  data would neither be  physically  possible nor practically feasible. * Sampling  has much smaller â€Å"non-response†, following up of which is much easier. The term non-response means the no availability of information from some  sampling  units included in the  sample  for any reason such as failure to locate or measure some of the units, refusals, not-at-home, etc. Sampling  is extensively used to obtain some of the census information. * The most important advantage of   sampling  is that it provides a valid measure of reliability for the  sample  estimates  and this is one of the two basic purposes of  sampling. * Reliability: If we collect the information about all the units of population, the collected information may be true. But we are never sure about it. We do not know whether the information is true or is completely false. Thus we cannot say anything with confidence about the quality of information. We say that the reliability is not possible. This is a very important advantage of sampling. The inference about the population parameters is possible only when the sample data is collected from the selected sample. * Sometimes the experiments are done on sample basis. The fertilizers, the seeds and the medicines are initially tested on samples and if found useful, then they are applied on large scale. Most of the research work is done on the samples. * Sample data is also used to check the accuracy of the census data. T 1. 3 Difference between primary data and secondary data T1. 4 Difference between a statistic and a parameter Parameter is any characteristic of the population. Statistic on the other hand is a characteristic of the sample. Statistic is used to estimate the value of the parameter. Note that the value of statistic changes from one sample to the next which leads to a study of the sampling distribution of statistic. When we draw a sample from a population, it is just one of many samples that might have been drawn and, therefore, observations made on any one sample are likely to be different from the ‘true value’ in the population (although some will be the same). Imagine we were to draw an infinite (or very large) number of samples of individuals and calculate a statistic, say the arithmetic mean, on each one of these samples and that we then plotted the mean value obtained from each sample on a histogram (a chart using bars to represent the number of times a particular value occurred). This would represent the sampling distribution of the arithmetic mean. T1. 5 Define sampling errors with example? Sampling error is an error that occurs when using samples to make inferences about the populations from which they are drawn. There are two kinds of sampling error: random error and bias. Random error is a pattern of errors that tend to cancel one another out so that the overall result still accurately reflects the true value. Every sample design will generate a certain amount of random error. Bias, on the other hand, is more serious because the pattern of errors is loaded in one direction or another and therefore do not balance each other out, producing a true distortion. These are the errors which occur due to the nature of  sampling. The  sample  selected from the population is one of all possible samples. Any value calculated from the  sample  is based on the sample  data and is called  sample  statistic. Task 2 T2. 1 Advantages and disadvantages of arithmetic mean. Advantages * Fast and easy to calculate- As the most basic measure in statistics,  arithmetic average is very easy to calculate. For a small data set, you can calculate the arithmetic mean quickly in your head or on a piece of paper. In  computer programs  like Excel, the arithmetic average is always one of the most basic and best known functions. Here you can see the  basics of arithmetic average calculation. * Easy to work with and use in further analysis- Because its calculation is straightforward and its meaning known to everybody,  arithmetic average  is also more comfortable to  use as input to further analyses and calculations. When you work in a team of more people, the others will much more likely be familiar with  arithmetic average  than  geometric average  or  mode. Disadvantages * Sensitive to extreme values- Arithmetic average is extremely sensitive to extreme values. Therefore,  arithmetic average  is not the best measure to use with data sets containing a few extreme values  or with more  dispersed (volatile) data sets  in general. Median  can be a better alternative in such cases. * Not suitable for time series type of data- Arithmetic average  is perfect for measuring central tendency when you’re working with data sets of independent values taken at one point of time. There was an example of this in one of the previous articles, when we were  year. However, in finance you often work with percentage returns over a series of multiple time periods. For  calculating average percentage return over multiple periods of time,  arithmetic average is useless; as it fails to take the different basis in every year into consideration (100% equals a different price or portfolio value at the beginning of each year). The more volatile the returns are, the more significant this weakness of arithmetic average is. Here you can see the example and reason why  arithmetic average fails when measuring average percentage returns over time. * Works only when all values are equally important- Arithmetic average treats all the individual observations equally. In finance and investing, you often need to work with unequal weights. For example, you have a portfolio of stocks and it is highly unlikely that all stocks will have the same weight and therefore the same impact on the total performance of the portfolio. Calculating the average performance of the total portfolio or a basket of stocks is a typical case when  arithmetic average is not suitable  and it is better to use weighted average instead. You can find more details and an example here:  Why you need weighted average for calculating total portfolio return. T2. 2 Comparative picture of median, mode, mean The Median The Median is the middle value in your list. When the totals of the list are odd, the median is the middle entry in the list after sorting the list into increasing order. When the totals of the list are even, the median is equal to the sum of the two middle (after sorting the list into increasing order) numbers divided by two. Thus, remember to line up your values, the middle number is the median! Be sure to remember the odd and even rule. That is, if the data is in meters, the standard deviation is in meters as well. The variance is in meters2, which is more difficult to interpret. Neither the standard deviation nor the variance is robust to outliers. A data value that is separate from the body of the data can increase the value of the statistics by an arbitrarily large amount. The mean  absolute deviation (MAD) is also sensitive to outliers. But the MAD does not move quite as much as the standard deviation or variance in response to bad data. The  interquartile range (IQR) is the difference between the 75th and 25th percentile of the data. Since only the middle 50% of the data affects this measure, it is robust to outliers. T3. 2 What are the different characteristics of the following measures of dispersion. The  range  is the simplest measure of  dispersion. The range can be thought of in two ways. 1. As a quantity: the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. 2. As an interval; the lowest and highest scores may be reported as the range. By far the most commonly used measures of dispersion in the social sciences are  variance  and  standard deviation. Variance  is the average squared difference of scores from the mean score of a distribution.

Abortion, a Controversial Word in the US Essay Example for Free

Abortion, a Controversial Word in the US Essay Abortion is one of longest debated subjects in the United States. Everyone has an opinion on it. Abortion is the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus to end a pregnancy. Some are pro-choice and some are pro-life. Everyone has seen the protestors on sidewalks and in front of clinics with their signs for the pro-life side. We live in the United States, where we have the right to choose; therefore Abortion is legal. Some may still consider Abortion as murder, but still woman have a right to choose what they do with their own bodies. Pro-life group feel that the women should continue the pregnancy, have the child, and either deal with it when it is born or put it up for adoption. Pro-choice group feel that women have a choice to have an abortion if the feel like that is the right option for them. This paper will discuss the argument of Pro-Choice and why it is the best option for the United States. A lot of people may disagree with the Pro-choice status, but there are many reasons why a woman should have a say in what she does with her own body. Pro-choice is best option because it keeps abortion legal in the United States. See more: The stages of consumer buying decision process essay Obviously, there are some restrictions set in place. 32 states require a parental consent for minor undergoing an abortion. The highest percentages of women who receive abortions are Caucasians, unmarried and within the age range 0f 20 – 25. The period of most received abortions is within the first 8 weeks of gestations. Most women have abortions because a pregnancy would drastically change their lifestyle and/or they are not in a financially stable place in their life. Most abortion clinics will not perform a procedure after 8 weeks. There is now a drug called mifepristone that can be taken orally that is an alternative to a surgical procedure and most women have opted for this. This drug must be taken before 7 weeks. There is a confidentiality agreement between patients and clinics that must be signed. Mandatory counseling before and after procedures are performed. Post abortion birth control methods are discussed and put in place so abortions and unplanned pregnancies can be prevented. There are different types of birth control or a contraceptive that can suit the woman it all depends on what is best for her. The different types of options available are male/female condoms, daily pills, injections, patches, implants, vaginal rings, or abstinence. All of these things come into play when women are making the choice. (Richard, J. R. , 1994) Women choose abortion for many reasons. These reasons could make their decision painful for them, but to them they feel like this was best. Abortion could be the best option for many reasons such as, rape, incest, or health issues. If a woman has been raped she should not have to carry out such a painful reminder of what has happened to her everyday. Incest could be viewed in the same way, not only that there could be something wrong with the child. As well as health issues, such as an ectopic pregnancy, this could be a life threatening pregnancy to the woman and/or the baby so the pregnancy should be terminated. All of these are reasons that a woman should have opted for abortion, but what if she just simply is not ready for a child. Does this make her a bad person because she opts to have an abortion because she is not financially stable or whatever other reason hinders her from carrying out this pregnancy? Women can be at various stages in their life just like men can be, and they may not be ready for their whole life to be changed by pregnancy and raising a child so they opt for abortion. There are many reasons women make the decision, but no one should judge them but themselves. Many people feel as though abortion is murdering a child. They feel as though the woman who has chosen to have the abortion has taken the fetuses right to a life. Most people who are pro-life feel very adamant about the abortion subject and feel like it should be illegal in the United States. A lot of pro-life people have religious beliefs that come into play when the make their decision to become pro-life. Religious groups and Pro-life groups will lead protests outside of abortion clinics that can make some woman uncomfortable because the force their opinions on them. (Douglas, D. M. 2002) These protests are a little extreme; a woman should be able to make up their own mind in a calm environment. No matter what the side everyone is entitled to their own view and opinion, but what it all comes down to is the woman’s decision and what she decides to with her own body. Pro-life groups and religious groups are using the Laci Peterson case as a pawn in the abortion debate recently. This was brought up in the debate because of the Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004. This means that a person who kills a woman carrying a fetus well into pregnancy, that fetus is treated as a human in criminal proceedings. This person would be convicted of two separate crimes, one of the woman carrying the fetus and then the fetus itself. This has been brought up in the abortion debate because why is this consider murder, but abortion is not. The answer is simple, abortions cannot happen after a certain point in pregnancy. The woman choosing an abortion is dealing with her own body, making her own decision. On the other hand in a violent criminal situation as the Laci Peterson case, there was no choice here, but a man killing an innocent woman who happened to be very pregnant and she did not make that choice. â€Å"To take away the woman’s right to choose could result in destroying the woman’s life, thereby ruling that the fetus is more important than the woman† (Planned Parenthood). This cannot be compared to abortion in anyway whatsoever. Abortion is such a controversial issue in the United States. It is almost like a cuss word that should not be brought up at the dinner table. It is always a hot topic for political and Presidential candidates. It is definitely something that is a complicated subject here in our society. Abortion gets so much scrutiny, but why. People have the choices to get all kinds of crazy plastic surgeries that puts their life in danger while â€Å"under the knife† so to speak. Why shouldn’t a woman have the option to do what she wants with her body? It is her body and no one else’s. Obviously there should be some certain humane ways to do these things and safety precautions, but if she is not ready for a child or for whatever reason is hindering her from carrying out this pregnancy it’s no one else’s business but her own and her doctor’s. Yes some may not agree with that woman’s decision, but it was her decision. People disagree about things all the time, and this will just have to be another. Deontology would solves this ethical issue of Pro-choice versus Pro-life. â€Å"Deontology is the study of moral obligation and necessity, finding the source of ethical correctness in the rules according to which one acts. It rejects utilizing the results or consequences of an act to evaluate an act as moral; thus it is a non-consequentialist theory† (Mosser, K. 2010. Introduction to ethics and Social responsibility. Glossary). Basically it means that this is what the person or woman feel she has to do, like she is out of options. Yet, utilitarianism could also apply here as well because if the abortions are going to bring about the greatest goods for the woman then it is best. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that determines the moral value of an act in terms of its results and if those results produce the greatest good for the greatest number. As consequential theory, it is contrasted with non-consequentialist theories† () Basically if the outcome will provide the greatest amount of good to everyone it affects then it is best. Emotivism could not solve this issue because the woman is a subject of judgment no matter which choice she chooses whether it be abortion or not. â€Å"Emotivism is the perspective on ethics that moral evaluations are merely expressions of approval and disapproval, and that ethics is constituted solely by these expressions† (Mosser, K. 2010. Introduction to ethics and Social responsibility. Glossary). Abortion is a heated debate that has continued across the United States and will continue probably for years to come. Pro-choice is the best choice for The U. S. because it keeps abortion legal in the States even f the controversy rages on. Women have a right to chose what they do with their own bodies no matter what their reasoning. They should not be judged for their decisions either. Their decision to have an abortion is for the greatest good or because they are out of options in their own lives. Therefore Pro-choice and legal abortion should continue in the United States.

Analysis of Nietzsches Concept of Genealogy

Analysis of Nietzsches Concept of Genealogy Introduction: Michel Foucault (October 1926-June 1984) was a French philosopher, historian, social theorist, philologist and literary critic. In 1945, Foucault travelled to Paris, where he enrolled himself in a prestigious secondary school, Lyciee-Henry-IV. Foucault adopted conviction of philosopher, Jean Hyppolite, an existentialist and expert in uniting existentialist theories with the reasoning theories of Hegel and Karl Marx, that philosophy must be developed through a study of history. Foucault desired to be a fellow member in College de Paris, where he became one, taking up the chair in the History of Systems of Thought. Foucault, in his late interview, called himself a Nietzschean. Which is well elucidated by the fact, that Foucaults genealogy of knowledge is direct inkling of Nietzsches genealogy of morality. In 2007 Foucault was listed as the most cited scholar in the humanities by The Times Higher Education Guide. [text courtesy Wikipedia] In this essay (Nietzsche, Genealogy, History) Foucault explores genealogy through Nietzsche, and exposit on his own profound understanding of the genealogical method. Genealogy is precise conscientious attention to details, and a patiently documentation. Basically, Genealogy is boring. If the analysis is not just based on paperwork, observations and interview transcripts can be added, which mix a manifold of different context in a confusing order. These perplexed documents, observations and interview transcripts need to be ordered in time and space. That is, the pieces must be ordered in regard to almanac, context and actors. A major task, since genealogy also requires a major accretion of source material. Therefore, genealogy is boring unless one likes the vapid work of going through every single page to page, piece by piece in order to place them in the right almanac and context. It is also very time-consuming and a vex mental burden, tiresome since the genealogist from time to time feels that he is not getting anywhere. But genealogy is, at the same time, exciting. It gives a great overall overview and touch with the material and is thus an exc iting material and detailed different to the abstractions the unitary sciences have produced so many of. Often, it is experienced that the absolute ordering of pieces in time and space gives a totally different view of the process than expected. Much of the material does speak for itself, Really! Often, it is proclaimed how beautiful words turn out to be less beautiful in the true, real world. Thus, with its painstaking procedures, genealogy to some extent avoids chicanery. In itself, this is a z great reason for doing it. Further, Foucault argues about the monotonous finality this is really what it is all about. Events must be recorded individually of any unifying and thereby systematizing theory. Events are what they are, and nothing else. It can also have represented in a manner that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦monotonous finality is basically rewriting of what Nietzsche called monumental history. He theorizes that the monumental history as a construct that represents the great moments in the struggle of a human individual which constitute a chain which unites the mankind across the millennial like a range of human mountains pinnacle. Foucault writes that genealogy does not obstruct itself to history, but rather opposes itself to a search for origins, and rejects the metahistorical deployment of ideal significations and indefinite teleologys As a genealogist, Nietzsche opposed the pursuit of the genesis (Ursprung) because it relies on a metaphysical faith in purest plausibilitys () the existence of immobile forms that precede the external world of mishap and succession. () the image of a primordial truth fully adequate to its nature, and it necessitates the removal of every mask to ultimately disclose an original identity. We erroneously attribute the originwith a moment of greatest infallible, the first morning that precedes the Fall in our merely human hands; the search for origin plays out our own want for a divine birth. However, historical beginnings are lowly. Absconding metaphysics and turning to history, Foucault suggests that one discovers not a timeless and essential dern, but the secret that they have no essence or that their essence was fabricated in a piecemeal fashion from alien forms. Genealogy is anti-essentialist and disinterested in metaphysical origins: What is found at the historical commencement of t hings is not the inviolable identity of their genesis; it is the dissension of other things. It is disparity. Most problematic, the origin makes plausible a field of knowledge whose function is to recover it, but always in a spurious recognition due to the excesses of its own speech. The origin believes itself to be the site of inescapable loss, a moment when the truth of the object corresponded to the truth of its discourse. History, rather, constrain a reversal of this relationship and the oversight of adolescent quests: behind the always recent, avaricious, and measured fidelity, it posits the ancient escalation of errors. Truth, then, is an error. The genealogist needs history to dispel the chimeras of the genesis. Here Foucault suggests that the genealogist must be able to recognize the events of history (even the ones we wish to clandestine) as well as diagnose the illness of the body, its vincibility, fortitude, and breakdowns, since history is the body of a development. Herkunft- Descent Herkunft is translated as descent and it confine that phenomena like truth, group, and even individuals are not to be thought of as unified phenomena. Instead of that, it allows the sorting out of different attributes that contributed to the phenomena. An examination will focus on the profusion of events which made their contribution to descent. In this sense, genealogy is aimed at fragmenting what was thought unified and unmovable. It will unveil the heterogeneity behind Herkunft. This constitutes the very first task of the genealogist. The sorting out of the different attributes/traits which have had any significance. The criterion for determining what is significant is in principle straightforward. It is determined by the empirical phenomenon that is investigated and the material that is collected about it. What is said in the interviews or in other connections, what is recorded on paper or what can be observed. In short, the artifacts determine what is significant, not the researcher. This is a good principle, even if it cannot be carried out completely. Of course the researcher makes a difference but this does not mean that he cannot give the artifacts a big room to speak for themselves. Entstehung- Emergence Entstehung is translated into Emergence- the instant of arising, but we are not looking for a particular point in history where a given reasonability, which from then has controlled everything is established. It is more tactical. It designates the endeavor of particular forces in particular points in time. The analysis of the Entstehung must demarcate this interaction. Enstehung is the access of forces. Often, but not necessarily, only engraved in the peripheral areas of the material. In Foucaults word it is the leap from the wings to the center stage. The Entstehung denominate the place where different systems of power/knowledge meet face-to-face. Not necessarily with a big bang but yes. The confrontation can be much humbler and seem trivial at a first skim. Further, the power/knowledge systems are not necessarily equal. Often the places of the Entstehung are not manifested vividly in the material. This relates to the gnarled or tricky part of revealing marginalized knowledge. The Entstehung provides a seldom opportunity where some of the marginalized voices are not quiescent, which is one of the main reasons that the analysis of the Entstehung is highly important. Genealogy vs. Traditional History In the fifth section, Foucault abridged the methodological differences between a history based in geneaology (a Nietzschian history) and a traditional history, or the historians history. For Foucault, these differences remain in the sensibility the historian/genealogist takes toward the work. The historians history implicit a metaphysical continuity between past and present, a suprahistorical perspective that seeks to reconcile disparity through apocalyptic objectivity. The traditional historian keeps their body outside of history and relies on a myriad of distances and heights: the noblest periods, the highest forms [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] adopting the famous perspective of frogs. Genealogical history, however, is an effective history (a history of effects?), dispossess itself of the affirmation of progress and genesis, as genealogy is the examination of both Herkunft (Descent) and Entstehung(Emergence). It deprives the self of the bolstering or reassuring the stability of life and nature , and it will not permit itself to be transported by a voiceless intractability toward a millennial ending. This is because knowledge is not made for understanding; it is made for cutting. This manner of history studies those things nearest it-the body and all imminent-and demands consciousness of its own perspective: it has no dread of looking down, so as long as it understands that it looks from above. It doesnt seek to recount the birth of truth and values in the service of philosophy, but operates as a differential knowledge of energies and failings [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] a curative science. It concurs knowledge as perspective-and as with any case of perspective, where one stands are the most relevant and important point. Note on the Author Genealogy is shrewd and interpretive. It does not presume to be naive. The  author must try to define his stand in regard to subject of analysis. Where is he, the author, talking from? Genealogy is a very much demanding approach. This augments the obligation of the author to describe as clearly as plausible his own stand/position in the game.

American Vs Australian Healthcare Systems

American Vs Australian Healthcare Systems The following essay discusses personal observations of the United States of Americas health care system and breaks it down in terms of equity efficiency and access. These observations are then compared with knowledge of the Australian health system and produce detailed evidence of the positive and negative aspects of both. Through this comparison the Australian use of the mixed market of operating healthcare is seen to be superior due to its greater development in both equity and access as apposed to the Americans use with only major benefits found within the systems efficiency. The health care system in operation in the United States of America is one oriented towards self provision (Hsiao and Yip 2000). It is designed in a way in which its people are largely responsible for their own health care costs at their own choice. This is the result of the extensive push towards the private sector of health. Personal funding for American health care is usually achieved through employment (Hsiao and Yip 2000). That is, when a person seeks to purchase health insurance they can do so through their employer. This means that people who are unemployed do not experience the same luxury of opportunity. The production of a government funded scheme to support these people was implemented in 1965. The scheme allows for the elderly to attain health care, as well as the poor financed by the federal and the state governments (Nelson, 2007). As this system of health care seems to cover the two ends of society it would seem one of success, although there are still between 45-47 mi llion uninsured people within America that have to pay entirely for any medical expenses they incur, which of course can be quite expensive (Hsiao and Yip 2000; Nelson, 2007). The Australian health care system is designed to incorporate two major contributors to funding, the public sector (as a result of the nations revenue and taxation) and the private sector (private organisations that insure peoples health at an incurred cost). The Australian system provides necessary public funding to areas of what Hsiao and Yip (2000p.2), refer to as adequate need at both a federal and state level. These adequate need services surround the use of general practitioners and hospital visits. As these are not necessarily the extents in which people use the health care system, privately purchased insurance is then available to provide funding for a greater number of health care needs (Hsiao and Yip 2000). The Australian health care system has a similar mixed market structure to health care as the American. This similarity is evident due to the presence of both public and private sectors providing funds to deliver health care. Although there is a similarity in the design of the market associated with health care there are vast differences within the orientation of the health care system itself (Hsiao and Yip, 2000). As opposed to the American system, the Ideology behind the Australian system is that all people should have equal rights to health care. This describes the equity present within the systems Equity within health care is the subject of much debate. Even the definition of the term equity itself is subject to various views and opinion. Mooney and Scotton, describe equity in health care as equal access for equal need (p.13 1999). The reason for this debate resides within the context of values within the society in which it is being attributed to. This leads to the concept of equity within the American model. The American model produces the lack of want and or need by the majority of people to create equity. Equity is seen to be non existent within the American health care model and as noted by Leeder (2003), is admitted to by American health care service managers. The explanation for this lack of equity is due to the ideology of American people. This ideology resides in relation to independence, associated with monetary success. As the association between health insurance and employment is evident throughout the American system, Americans themselves feel it is the responsibility for each individual to look after them selves when it comes to health care (Leeder, 2003). By attaining well paid jobs and thereby access to quality insurance the American system achieves and promotes the self resilience valued by its society at large. The downside of this ideology is that there are in excess of 45 million Americans without any insurance whatsoever. All of these have a reduced access to health ca re services and in most cases a greater need, creating a definitive example of inequity (Mooney, 2003). Equity within the Australian context of health care is of greater ideological value. The policies of adequate care as previously mentioned allow for all Australians no matter there level of income, social status or ethnicity to have a basic level of funding allocated to there health (Hsiao and Yip, 2000).The concept of equity is seen in Australian society to be of higher value as apposed to American society, with the societal desire for a fair go. Many of the developed nations, such as the United Kingdom, value equity in a similar approach to Australia with a greater support for the public sector of health rather than the private (Nelson, 2007). In recent years though, the Australian government has altered its support of the public sector and pushed for the privatisation of health care to cope with problems regarding the current systems efficiency (Hall and Maynard, 2005). This change provoked much debate amongst Australians in conjunction with their values surrounding equity of health care. Efficiency within health care has been described by Bolnick in four main interrelated sectors, these include; Delivering services, creating resources, financing and stewardship (2003 p.5). Delivering Services is an aspect of efficiency that is most evident within a health care system. The term refers to the ability for a system to provide services to its population, for example a health care system that delivers services efficiently would be one with low waiting lists that delivers a quality of resources. For services to be efficient they need a variety of resources to be allocated to them, which develops the need for appropriate financial allocations to these resources. For all of these factors to be successful the need to appreciate the views of the society they impact is necessary, this relates to the concept of stewardship (Bolnick, 2003). Within the American systems service delivery and resources are of high quality, waiting lists for services are low and their variants vast (Hsiao and Yip 2000; Oberlander, 2002; Leeder, 2003). This is one major benefit of the strongly privatised system in place. These aspects of efficiency are strongly recognised by the American people as previously noted by Leeder, creating quite an efficient model of care. The large downside evident in the efficiency of the American model is its allocation of finances. The United States as described by Oberlander, is the highest spender of money on services related to health (2002). This level of spending is greater than all of the other countries that in fact according to WHO are seen to achieve better health (Bolnick, 2003). This excess spending shows inefficiency through Mooneys analysis, in the system through the out weight of costs in association to benefits achieved (1999). Within the Australian system, service delivery, resources and finance are not so efficient. Waiting lists within the system are long making ability to provide resources difficult. As mentioned the recent government has promoted the privatisation of health to encourage Australias efficiency to improve (Hall and Maynard, 2005). Due to the need to accept public values and incorporate stewardship the use of both the pubic and private avenues of funding are still evident within the countries health care system. The last of the areas of health care to be covered is that of accessibility. As alluded to within discussions on equity, access to health care plays a major role in the systems effectiveness. The public model of care is the one that greatly promotes equality and in turn access. The socioeconomic status of individuals plays a major role in their access to health care therefore the application of a publically funded system is necessary to adhere to this populations needs (Hsiao and Yip, 2000). Countries that place a large amount of weight on the private sector of health tend to reduce the amount of access available to their people. The private sector does contribute to the greater ability of higher income earners to receive greater access to health care at their own cost. This may hold great advantage for some but does not deliver the same ability to those of lower socioeconomic status due to their inability to afford health insurance premiums (Hsiao and Yip, 2000). The American access to health care is lacking enormously, as access and equity have strong ties it proves another area of inadequacies. Not only do the people without employment of which dont fit government subsidy criteria have little ability to purchase insurance but many of those who are employed find it difficult to attain insurance due to employer implications. Without health care of any sort the individual themselves is made to pay the complete fund of any of their medical bills without subsidy. Due to the expensive aspects of medical care this makes access near impossible for many Americans (Nelson, 2007). The ethnic population are also at an accessible disadvantage, according to Nelson, (2007) creating a racially achieved gap in the access of the private system. Under the Australian health care system access to health care is achievable for people of all socioeconomic background although this is limited. The greatest problems that occur under this system are the lack of access delivered to the indigenous population of the country (Leeder, 2003). The reasons for this are seen largely to be due to cultural factors as well as geographical restrictions, as white Australians in rural settings also but not to the same degree have less access to health than their metropolitan counterparts (Dwyer, 2005). Through use of my observations and professional knowledge living in a society such as Australia is far more relevant due to my feelings in conjunction to the ethics and values considered within the health care system. A society that is content with trading efficiency for equity such as the United States of America is a society that has significant differences to my morals and beliefs hence the conclusion that the Australian variation of the mixed market, while in short supply of efficiency produces much more access and equity to its people verifying my observations of its superiority.

Essay --

The bestselling novel To Kill a Mockingbird, written by Harper Lee is about a racist southern community in Maycomb, Alabama in the 1930s. At that time, southern states were still racially segregated. Harper Lee constructs her book by teaching all her readers about human standards. By presenting the good and bad in people. A major theme of this novel is the humankind’s inhumanity toward the humankind. One character that is treated terribly was Boo Radley. Boo Radley is a very obscure character in To Kill a Mockingbird. Not only does the whole community treat him terrible, so does his whole family. Boo Radley’s father is the number one victim to treat Boo Radley terrible. Boo was going to be locked in jail for some trouble he got in when he was a teenager. Boo’s father wanted the punishment in his hands and locked Boo into the house till he was an adult. Boo’s father thinks of Boo as a disgrace to their family. Boo stabbed his father in the leg with scissors with all his hatred in him. Boo’s father was always a very cruel man. Another character that treated Boo terrible is his brother, Nathan Radley. Boo always communicates with the children, Jem and Scout, by the knothole of a tree. Nathan noticed that Boo was giving the children gifts, so he filled the knothole of the tree with cement. Boo has never communicated with anyone for almost 15 years, and Nathan prevented Boo’s chance to ever talk to someone and be friends with. Boo was treated terribly by the children also. The children thought Boo was a scary person. Every time they came to a path where Boo was located they would always be frightened by the rumors they heard about him. \:Boo was about six-and-a-half feet tall, judging from his tracks; he dined on raw squirrels ... ...ayella’s father sees Tom, Mayella insists that Tom raped her. She did a horrible thing and blamed Tom. Tom did all her chores for free of charge, and Mayella ruined his life by blaming Tom for something he did not do. Mrs. Merriweather is part of a missionary circle. It’s a group of Christian women who are determined to help people suffering poor countries. They complain about her black servants, that they don’t work hard or deserve their pay. They only pay little amount to their servants. They do not perform their Christian attitude toward other people. This makes them an hypocrite because they make people believe that they are perfect Christians. Harper Lee teaches her readers something. It demonstrated the good and bad in people. She shows the readers how racist people could be so cruel. This novel showed how humankind’s inhumanity toward the humankinds.

Philosophy of Childhood and the Politics of Subjectivity :: Children Papers

Philosophy of Childhood and the Politics of Subjectivity The Western onto-theological tradition has long been preoccupied with two symbolizations of childhood. One conceives of it as an original unity of being and knowing, an exemplar of completed identity. The other conceives of childhood as deficit and danger, an exemplar of the untamed appetite and the uncontrolled will. In the economy of Plato and Aristotle’s tripartite self, the child is ontogenetically out of balance. She is incapable of bringing the three parts of the self into a right hierarchal relation based on the domination of reason. In other words, attaining adulthood means eradicating the child. Freud’s reformulation of the Platonic community of self combines the two symbolizations. His model creates an opening for shifting power relations between the elements of the self. He opens the way toward what Kristeva calls the "subject-in-process," a pluralism of relationships rather than an organization constituted by exclusions and hierarchies. After Freud, the chil d comes to stand for the inexpugnable demands of desire. Through dialogue with this child, the postmodern adult undergoes the dismantling of the notion of subjectivity based on domination, and moves toward the continuous reconstruction of the subject-in-process. The Child and the Second Harmony The child first appears in the known ancient texts, not as a beginning, but as an end. She represents the idea of the fulfillment of spiritual growth as a reversal of the life cycle. In the 6th century B.C. Lao Tzu says, "He who is in harmony with the Tao is likea newborn child. It's bones are soft, its muscles are weak, but its grip is powerful. . . The Master's power is like this. He lets all things come and go effortlessly, without desire." (1) Jesus speaks of the attainment of spiritual maturity as "becoming like little children." (2) Plotinus contrasts children with adults, "whose faculty and mental activity are busied upon a multitude of subjects passed quickly over all, lingering on none." Among children, on the other hand, objects "achieve presence," because the child's attention is not "scattered," dispersed in the world of multiplicity. (3) In this grand perennial Western mythos, the child represents an original ontological unity of being and knowing, thought and experience — identity realized. The child is premoral, the realized adult postmoral. The story of the journey from one to the other begins with a Fall into division. It is, as the story goes, a necessary fall, for it inaugurates a psychological and spiritual journey which — if you don't die in the desert of adulthood — promises self-reintegration on a higher level.