American Indians and Freedom Essay

American Indians have striven for freedom ceaselessly since the colonization in 1800s. But for different American Indians, the definitions of freedom vary a lot. For the chief Seattle, the writer of AUTHENTIC TEXT OF CHIEF SEATTLE’S TREATY ORATION 1854, the freedom means the rights to live with the nature harmoniously and to keep their religion and traditions. For Carlos Montezuma, the writer of Let My People Go, the definition of freedom is very absolute and stems from political rights. His freedom means the rights of managing the stuffs of American Indians totally without the control of white man. From my point of view, the definition of freedom to American Indians is more close to its political definition because the rights of protecting the holy nature will not be given if they lose the political rights. But I argue that the real freedom does not mean the absolute free. Moreover, the chief Seattle and Carlos Montezuma differ in the issue about whether American Indians should accept the management of colonists. For the chief Seattle, he thinks him and his people can accept the management of colonists on the condition that the colonists will not destroy their holy nature. For Carlos Montezuma, he asks the colonists not to interfere the issue of American Indians because the corrupt management of the colonists. I think that American Indians can accept the management of the colonists if they can own enough political rights. The best way is to contend for a democracy system and government for American Indians rather than just asking for leaving the control of the colonists. It is obvious that the two writers own quite different understandings when they face with the same word—freedom, as I mentioned at the beginning. The writer of AUTHENTIC TEXT OF CHIEF SEATTLE’S TREATY ORATION 1854 shows deep love to his ancestors and the things his ancestors leave for them. He uses â€Å"sacred† to describe its ancestors and â€Å"hallowed ground†, â€Å"verdant valleys†, â€Å"murmuring rivers† and so on to describe his living environment. Also, the writer thinks that their religion is â€Å"the Great Spirit† and gives them in â€Å"solemn hours of the night. † Yet, in the perspectives of these American Indians, the colonists refuse to accept and respect the holy nature and ancestors of Africa Americans. The writer writes, â€Å"Your God is not our God! Your God loves your people and hates mine! † The quote indicates that American Indians in Seattle fear deeply that the colonial rule will ruin their living environment, religion and traditions. Hence, for the writer, their freedom means the respect of their culture. Nevertheless, Carlos Montezuma, the writer of â€Å"Let My People Go†, asks for totally different freedom. He writes, â€Å"The Indian Bureau is the only obstacle that stands in the way that hinders our people’s freedom. †, â€Å"†¦when the Indians will need the most help in this world , †¦ the Indian. Bureau will cease to exist†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"the Indian employees in the Indian Service; their personality is destroyed†¦they have nothing to say. † These quote express the strong willing of American Indians to escape from the control of White Americans because of the corruption of Indian Bureau. So, the definition of freedom to Carlos Montezuma is the rights to express their own willing and achieve more political rights. I quite agree with Carlos Montezuma because he wants to ask for more political rights. Even if the Big Chief at Washington promised that the new colonists will respect the culture of the American Indians in Seattle, he can easily renege on the promise without the political rights or the protection of the law. On the other hand, the chief Seattle and Carlos Montezuma own different attitudes towards the issue about the management of white American. Carlos Montezuma hastily wants to abolish the Indian Bureau system rather than improve the system. Carlos Montezuma writes, â€Å"The Indian Bureau system is wrong. The only way to adjust wrong is to abolish it, and the only reform is to let my people go. † The quote expresses the urgent willing of Carlos Montezuma to stop the run of the wrong system. He owns the opinion to escape the control of White Americans. However, I think that American Indians can accept the management of colonists only if the colonists launch laws to protect the American Indians and give them enough political rights. The opinion of stopping the run of the system is too arbitrary and naive. It is highly possible that a ruder way to manage the American Indians created after the abolition of the old system. Carlos Montezuma cannot accept the management of White Americans at all. But the chief Seattle’s requirements related to the acceptance of the White Americans’ management perhaps is without much consideration. The chief Seattle writes, â€Å"But should we accept it, I here and now make this condition that we will not be denied the privilege without molestation of visiting at any time the tombs of our ancestors, friends, and children. † The quote has implication that the chief Seattle will accept the colonial rule on the condition that the colonists will not hurt their ancestors, friends and children. And in the same paragraph, the writer emphasizes the importance to protect their holly hillsides, valleys, plains and so on again. I argue that his thoughts and requirements are too premature and primitive. These are the basic rights for human beings. Even these rights are promised to give these American Indiana, they are still far away from freedom, as I regard it. Therefore, the real freedom cannot be achieved either by abolishing a wrong system and totally losing control or by asking for so limited rights and show kindness or obedience to the colonists. Of course, freedom definitely is not what the Chief Seattle thinks. He views freedom as the rights on the foundation of compromise and only asks for poor limited rights. Besides, for me, freedom also is not absolute like Carlos Montezuma thinks. It does not mean you can do what you want without others’ management and totally losing control. Freedom means you can own all the proper political rights under the protection of an impartial system or laws. The most significant issue for the real freedom is to create a right system or laws to protect the rights legally for these American Indians. No matter the chief Seattle or Carlos Montezuma, they both lack in the consciousness to create a right system or laws to protect themselves. If this kind of thing can be done, the existence of India Bureau or the colonial rule of White Americans does not matter to them at all. For this reason, it is so vital for American Indians and also other races to force the society to create a more and more impartial system ceaselessly. Works Cited Carlos Montezuma, â€Å"Let My People Go†: An Address delivered at the conference of the Society of American Indians in Lawrence, Kansas, N. p : n. p ,1915 Dr. Henry A. Smith, AUTHENTIC TEXT OF CHIEF SEATTLE’S TREATY ORATION 1854, N. p : n. p ,1887.

Electrotherapy and Osteoarthritis Essay

Osteoarthritis has been described and defined as a condition involving the human bones that is caused by the breakdown of the joints, leading to the loss of cartilage, or what is known as the ‘cushion’ between the bone and the joint, in the affected joint or joints. Osteoarthritis is known to affect more than twenty million people every year in the United States of America alone. This degenerative disease affects persons aged above forty five, and it is found in both sexes, and it does not distinguish between races and colors and ethnicities. The hands, the feet, the spine and the large joints of the body fall prey to this debilitating disease, and until today, research has not been able to reveal the specific cause of osteoarthritis, although it is true that it can be directly attributed to the impact of ageing. Injuries in a joint, ageing and being overweight can also lead to the onset of osteoarthritis. The pain in osteoarthritis is caused due to the rubbing of the bones together after the cartilage that cushions them has been worn out. Some of the prescribed therapies to deal with the disease are exercise, stringent weight control, resting of the painful joints, pain relief medication, electrotherapy, and alternative therapies, and if the pain is excruciating, surgery. Electrotherapy is today one of the most accepted and used skills of physiotherapists, although it is by no means new. The use of heat, cold and electrical stimulation have been in use for a long time now, but the inherent problem is that the benefits and the advantages or disadvantages if any have not been analyzed or accounted for, and this means that the method is not as widely used as it can be. However, it remains a fact that electricity has been used by medical practitioners for hundreds of years now, and it is now one of the most common treatment approaches, giving new hope to millions of sufferers across the globe. (Kitchen, Sheila 2002) Take for example this table demonstrating the improvement in the management of pain in osteoarthritis using electrotherapy. Recent research has been able to prove that electricity would be able to bring immediate relief for both acute as well as chronic pain, and it must be remembered that in the case of osteoarthritis, the pain can be both acute and chronic. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of electrotherapy is not known yet, although it is true that the method can block the transmission of pain signals across the nerves, and can also cause the release of endorphins, or the natural painkillers that are created by the body to combat pain. There can be several different types of electrotherapy methods, and some of them are: TENS, or ‘transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation’, inferential current, and galvanic stimulation. One must note that all the three methods use electrotherapy to stimulate nerves and muscles, through the adhesive pads that are applied on the skin. Electrotherapy must never be used over malignancies, open infections, over pacemaker leads, and over the throat, because it may cause lowered blood pressure, and over a pregnant uterus, as it may affect the fetus. In the year 2004, a randomized double blind pilot study on the impact of electrotherapy on about sixty four osteoarthritis patients suffering from moderate to severe pain in their various joints was conducted. The aim was to study whether the therapy would be useful in alleviating the pain for these patients, and it was found that it would definitely be able to provide temporary relief from severe and intolerable pain. At the present time, stated the researchers who were involved in the experiment, pain relief for osteoarthritis is predominantly medication, and this approach could bring better relief. In the study, the approach was to apply micro to milliamp current to certain specific areas of the patient’s head. This would result in the release of endogenous opioids from the various pain management areas located within the human brain. For a period of two weeks prior to and tow weeks after the study, the subject pain was self assessed using the ‘value scale’, and none of the physicians, patients and the device operators were let in on which device was real and which, false, and the data thus collected revealed the interesting fact that electrotherapy was indeed beneficial in bringing down the pain of the patients of osteoarthritis. According to the Australian Physiotherapy Association, there is sufficient evidence available to prove that physiotherapy management of the knee joints is a very good idea, and that there is a lack of evidence to prove that electrotherapy, specifically shortwave diathermy, including ultrasound, microwave and shortwave may be useful in managing the pain. It may however be true that a recent Cochrane review was able to prove conclusively that TENS or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation may be quite effective in controlling pain in these patients. However, better designed studies have to be made before it can be stated that TENS can be used to treat pain for osteoarthritis sufferers. (Bennell K, Hinman R, Crossley K 2001) It is important that the treatment plan must be made with the complete cooperation and consultation with the patient. The treatment goals would depend on the timescale of the treatment that he or she is undergoing for his osteoarthritis, the patient profile, and the affected joints. This would ensure that the patient achieves the maximum benefits of the treatment, so that he may be able to continue living a healthy and active life. Although research has shown that electrotherapy methods like laser therapy and ultrasound do not bring in any significant levels of improvement in the long term for the pain, they do bring in immediate relief from the pain. (EMHM Vogels, HJM Hendrick et al 2003) This cannot be taken to mean that electrotherapy does not bring relief for patients of osteoarthritis; it has been found that low power laser therapy has brought great relief for the pain of sufferers of osteoarthritis in Russia and in Eastern Europe. A study showed that electrotherapy brought relief for pain, mobility, tenderness and functioning in these patients, with relatively little adverse effects. In all probability, the mechanisms treated successfully using laser electrotherapy included peripheral nerve stimulation, resolution of inflammation, enhanced chondrocyte proliferation and increased matrix synthesis. (Ghassemi, M, Marks R 1999) There can be no doubt that the studies conducted so far are by no means conclusive, and the issue of handling the joint pains of those suffering from osteoarthritis with electrotherapy must be analyzed and studies further to bring in real statistics and real results. Perhaps, very soon, there may be available some sort of revolutionary treatment for the management of pain, which these patients would be able to use without fear of side effects or other complications, so that they may be able to continue to live an active and healthy lifestyle.

Documents of American History Essay

John Adams is an important figure in the history of this country at the most important time in its history: the time of its birth. He is a towering figure in American History and his accomplishments speak to protecting the rights of his fellow men, even if those men were British soldiers accused of shooting Americans as was the case with the Boston Massacre of 1770. John Adams served as minister to France in 1777 when at that time, the colonists badly needed French intervention if they ever hoped to win the American Revolution. Adams also had a contributing role in America’s Declaration of Independence as he was a vocal member of the Continental Congress. Adams also wrote the Massachusetts State Constitution, including its Bill of Rights. All of the above mentioned speak to the love of freedom and the protection of these rights to which Adams spoke so dearly. So then why during the 20th century, was Adams almost vilified compared to his friend and one time enemy Thomas Jefferson? It is peculiar how History seems to take sides over one issue of vilifies or glorifies one person above his real role in life.   Both Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln enjoyed such an honor during the latter half of the 19th century and into the 20th. Only recently, when it is almost certain, that Jefferson fathered children of a mixed breed, yet still owned 200 slaves at a time, when Adams spoke to the emancipation of slavery, does the playing field become more level. This is especially true with David McCullough’s book John Adams, which actually sparked a Congressional insight into the importance of John Adams and a rethinking by the American public, spoke about the legacy of a man who was vital to the survival of this new experiment called the American Republic. Adams is vilified to a certain degree for two actions: forcing his bitterness over the loss of the 1800 election, not to greet the incoming President as is the custom now, and the dreaded Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 which horrified Thomas Jefferson and helped lead to the one time best friends, not to speak to speak to each other for another twelve years. Both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson will be forever linked together in American history. The 2nd and 3rd presidents of The United States and one time best friends, who later became political rivals and has the distinction of dying on the same day; the 50 anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, were giants in the quest for American Independence. John Adams, twice, served as a diplomat to France both during the American Revolution as well as in the years immediately following the war. â€Å"Both Jefferson and Adams were very important times since historians later hailed French involvement in the American Revolution as what helped turned the tide of the war in the favor of the colonists.† (McCullough, 2001 p. 322) And as the war was nearing its end, John Adams wrote his state’s Constitution as well as its Bill of Rights. This Constitution, more than any other of its time, expanded these rights, to a greater degree than had been seen previously. Adams was instrumental in procuring the freedom of African Americans, who in Jefferson’s Virginia, would continue to be slaves or live in slave like conditions well after the end of the Civil War and despite the passage of the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments. But it would not be until the 20th century that such ironies were given their proper attention. â€Å"But it would be the passage of the 1798 Alien and Sedition Act that would puzzle and infuriate all those that had been a part of the construction of the Constitution’s Bill of Rights in 1791 and specifically, the 1st amendment which protected, among others, a person’s right of free speech.† (Burns, 1997) This meaning has been expanded over the years but then as well as now, its first usage was to protect one who criticized the government, from reprisal. The 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts seemed to come in stark contrast to this most sacred of rights within the American Constitution. It said: â€Å"That if any persons shall unlawfully combine or conspire together, with intent to oppose any measure or measures of the government of the United States, which are or shall be directed by proper authority, or to impede the operation of any law of the United States†¦ Shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $5,000 or a term in prison between five months to six years.† (Commanger, 1947 p. 177) This Act would later be repealed only to see the light of day again in 1918 during WWI. But such measures, horrified Thomas Jefferson and in response, wrote along with his friend James Madison, the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions which were in direct response to the Sedition Acts and portrayed the further split between the Federalist and Democratic Parties, made even wider by the personal disunion caused by Adams and Jefferson. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions stated that: â€Å"no power over freedom of religion, freedom of speech, or freedom of the press being delegated by the   United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, all lawful powers respecting the same did of right remain, and were reserved to the States, or to the people.† (Commanger, 1947 p. 179) This meant that Jefferson, always distrusting of big government and in line with his belief in states’ rights, proclaimed that the federal government had no jurisdiction in enforcing the Alien and Sedition Acts as well as the fact that such restrictions on human freedom was in express contradiction to the Constitution and the ideals in which the American Revolution was fought in the first place. Everyone who had been locked up or fined under the Alien and Sedition Act was either set free or reimbursed by the federal government along with written apologies when Thomas Jefferson took over as President in March of 1801.The feud between Jefferson and Adams, made even larger by the ugliness of the 1800 Presidential election, lasted until 1812, when both were out of public office. Jefferson started a correspondence with Adams in what would become one of the most poignant and heart filled pieces of American literature. They both reminisced about their time together, hoping that this experiment in human democracy called the United States was actually going to work or not. Apologies were not given but rather regret that so much time has been lost to two people that were so important to the nation as well as to each other, were expressed in the correspondence. And what has to be one of the greatest coincidences in American history, two giants of American freedom who did not always practice what they preached; Adams’ enforcement of the Alien and Sedition Acts, and Jefferson personally owning more than 200 slaves for most of his lifetime, but still responsible for the expansion of human rights in America, died on the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Each died while saying that the other still lives. They were both right in that respect.   

Copper Cycle Lab Report

CHEM 1300 Laboratory Program, Fall 2012 Experiment 3 Report Form Name: ___________________________ Student Number: ___________ Locker __________ Section Laboratory Day Lab Session Lab Room Number Rotation B0__ Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri AM PM 206 216 222 230 240 12 Experiment 3: Copper Cycle Instructions for Laboratory Reports 1. Your lab report must be submitted using this official report sheet. 2. You must legibly and correctly provide all identifying information requested above. Incomplete or incorrect information can lead to substantial penalties. 3.You are strongly encouraged to type all or most of your responses. Responses can be first written and saved using a word processor (e. g. Microsoft Word) and then pasted into the report form. Printing problems often occur when the PDF report forms are edited and saved on Mac computers. Concessions will not be made for technical difficulties. 4. If you choose to handwrite any part of the report, you must do so legibly in ink. Illegible responses, including sections written with poor handwriting or typed in with miniscule font size will not be marked and will be assigned a value of zero. 5. Detailed instructions on how to write a lab report are provided on pages 10 – 15 of the lab manual. 6. Lots of space is provided in each section of the report. Be concise. You do not need to fill in all space provided for the sake of doing so. 7. When asked to provide calculations, for full credit you must provide a labeled and systematic approach showing all steps and assumptions required to determine the required results. All calculations must be typed or written legibly. 8. You must submit the complete set of original copies (i. e. he white copies) of your Data/Observation sheets that were signed by your TA with your report. Any attempt to alter the original data or use a different set of data in the analyses contained in this report is an act of academic dishonesty and will be penalized as such. Some marks will be allocated to the completeness of your data. 9. It is an act of plagiarism (will be penalized) to use any data or information obtained from the literature and/or Web sources without properly citing it. You should rewrite cited work in your own words, especially if the quotation spans more than a couple of sentences. 10. Staple together all pages relating to this report and submit it in the correct slot in the report cabinet before the submission deadline. Reports submitted into the wrong slot or late will be penalized. Official Report Form Page 1 of 5 CHEM 1300 Laboratory Program, Fall 2012 Experiment 3 Report Form Purpose Results Use your experimental data to determine the percent recovery of copper from Cu(NO3)2. Official Report Form Page 2 of 5 CHEM 1300 Laboratory Program, Fall 2012 Experiment 3 Report Form List the balanced net ionic equations for all reactions that you observed in this experiment.Use your observations to provide evidence for all successful reactions completed and products formed. Where applicable, list ions in their coordination complex form; for example, when Cu2+ exists as the hexaaquo complex, use [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq) in your equation. Note: The zinc cation also forms a hexaaquo complex in aqueous solution. Official Report Form Page 3 of 5 CHEM 1300 Laboratory Program, Fall 2012 Experiment 3 Report Form Discussion Official Report Form Page 4 of 5 CHEM 1300 Laboratory Program, Fall 2012 Experiment 3 Report Form Discussion (continued) Conclusion References Official Report Form Page 5 of 5

Dove’s Real Beauty Campaign: a Reflection Essay

Jennifer Millard’s Performing beauty: Dove’s â€Å"Real Beauty† campaign was made to conduct a study on the results of the company Dove’s Real Beauty Campaign onto it’s targeted audience, women. Throughout the study Jennifer Millard explains that Dove’s Real Beauty Campaign is a series of advertisements in magazines and commercials that promotes and empowers beauty for every women, no matter what other media outlets says. Millard uses focus groups and interviews with sixteen Canadian women to investigate the opinions; with ages ranging from fifteen to fifty-nine years old. Within the study, I found two main themes within Millard’s article, which will be discussed and reflected on how it contributed to her study. The first theme I found quite interesting in Millard’s study was how she was connecting her definition of beauty towards a symbolic interactionist perspective by explaining how it is the culture and society that determines which features would be deemed as beautiful or not. I somewhat disagree with Millard’s connection because while the media outlets to society what they should and should not be, most of the content was created by the outlets themselves with their opinions of what society should be. While the society may have certain opinions on these topics, the media elaborates on the opinions society has and makes them more negative and demanding then they actually are. For example, in Millard’s study she shows the participants an advertisement from the Dove Real Beauty Campaign of a naked, overweight, middle-aged African American woman. After seeing many of the other Real Beauty Campaigns, this was the first advertisement that got a negative reaction from one of the focus groups. â€Å"Sasha: Sometimes I’m like ew, I wonder why is this even in here? Like all these Dove ones, there is old wrinkly lady. Her legs are like this and you can’t see any- thing and it’s like why is she in here? Monica: She’s naked and like oh no!† (Millard 164) From these reactions that came from the youngest aged focus group, it reflects the negative attitude regarding nudity the media has created against overweight, non-white women. The general, society-made opinion on nudity is that it is an act to be seen not in the public eye, but in a private setting. The media has taken that opinion of nudity and subjected it to making it more tolerable in public (in certain films or advertisements) but only if the people who are naked are deemed beautiful enough. An argument that can be made against my point is that only one of the focus groups in Jennifer Millard’s study had a negative reaction to the advertisement. The focus group that reacted negatively to the advertisement also happened to be the focus group with the youngest women in the group. Their reaction can be explained because they have not had a long experience with â€Å"out of the norm† advertisements and are used to seeing advertisements with a more negative message within them, compared to the other and more experienced focus groups. Also, the women in the other aged focus groups can better relate to the model’s â€Å"imperfections† compared to the younger focus group. Millard explained in her article that specific advertisement was Dove’s boldest one in the study, and expected that it will cause stronger reactions compared to the other campaign advertisements the focus groups would be seeing. Another theme that I found when reading Jennifer Millard’s article was the idea of privilege that the media creates within the desire of beauty. By being classified as beautiful in society, the media creates a shift in power that only beautiful people can have and reinforces the power within majority groups in the society. â€Å"In Western culture, those with beautiful bodies and faces â€Å"get more† out of life because beauty is highly valued (Black 2004). Beautiful people are viewed as more intelligent, powerful, healthy, and of higher class than the masses of regular Joes and Janes (Plous and Neptune 1997).† (Millard 150). To make sure this idea of privilege gets reinforced, and not every person can be classified with is privilege, the media has created extreme expectations that are very difficult for a woman to fully achieve every requirement. These expectations range from being tall and having a slender body, long, shiny hair, clear skin, and trendy, expens ive clothes. These expectations creates a form of privilege within society, that the small percentage of people who have all those qualities are classified correctly will all the benefits and advantages. I definitely agree with Millard’s on this issue because everyone who is not classified as beautiful has seen this form of privilege in the media. By looking at a tabloid magazine or by watching television, the privilege of beautiful is often flashed into the eyes of the less worthy, non-beautiful majority. Award shows is a obvious example of this privilege. Here famous and usually beautiful people gather and attend a extravagant night of drinking and celebration, and accompanied by thousands of dollars worth of jewellery and clothing on their bodies. Throughout their campaign, Dove promotes equality of beauty between all groups of women, no matter their size, shape or age. With their campaign message, they are attempting to eliminate the privilege that only women classified as beautiful deserve. As positive as this campaign is, at the end of the day Dove is a company trying to make a profit. Instead of the usual kind of advertising with the message that their product will make the woman who buys it more beautiful; they state that every women is already beautiful, and they can embrace their beauty by buying a dove related product. From advertising with this point of view, Dove is assuming that no women knows their true beauty, and will never see it unless they buy their products. When looking at that viewpoint Dove is stating, it can be seen as offending towards any woman who is already confident in their beauty and self-image. In conclusion, while the Dove Real Beauty Campaign is certainly not the only solution towards changing the view of beauty in the media, Jennifer Millard’s study discusses the many pros and cons the campaign offers towards women in a fair matter. Millard also presents the themes of a symbolic interactionist perspective and of privilege that help benefits the Real Beauty Campaign which in time, creates more positive content within the media. Reference List Millard, Jennifer. â€Å"Dove’s â€Å"Real Beauty† Campaign.† University of California Press (2009): n. pag. JSTOR. University of California Press. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.

Poverty is a State of Mind Essay

The mighty Great Britain is not what it used to be. Its glory days are long gone and the financial recession of 2008 struck Britain bad. There’s a gap between the wealthy and the poor, like there’s always been. And it has grown greatly over the years. It is especially visible in the division of the northern and southern parts of England. The southern parts of England have London as its centre, and are doing more than well, but the northern parts of England are suffering. They are unable to sustain themselves. Their employment has risen, and people are facing tougher and bigger challenges. But perhaps those challenges are not only a material challenge, but also an emotional challenge, as Bernard Hare argues in his radio essay â€Å"Poverty is a State of Mind† from the BBC network, 2012. But is his argument correct, when he says that poverty is mostly in your mind? In this essay I am going to analyse the radio essay † Poverty is a State of Mind† by Bern ard Hare. Part of my essay will focus on Hare’s use of his own experience, the way he uses contrasts and his use of pathos, logos and ethos. Bernard Hare is a social worker and writer. He was born in the town of Leeds in North England in 1958. He was the son of a coal miner and a shop worker. He was born into poverty because his family did not have a lot of money. But Hare never saw that, he argues that even though he grew up poor in Leeds, he had love, security and a good social environment. Because of that, he never felt he was alone nor did he feel poor in spirit, which Hare believes is how the poorest people, who have basically nothing, are feeling today. Things changed though, when the strike of the coal miners began. And everything good about Leeds that he had known shattered to pieces. When they protested against Margret Thatcher’s liberalization, Hare got caught in the middle, which led him to doing drugs and starting drinking. But later in his life when he came across some young kids who were doing exactly the same thing, he decided to suck it up and help the community, and starting writing to promote his cause. â€Å"Absolute poverty was back with a vengeance.†1 Here he points out that poverty can become an evil circle, where money is spent but not for the better. â€Å"You’ll never have any money if you drink and smoke [†¦] I was becoming aware that there might be a self-inflicted element to some people’s poverty†2 Here he comments on the fact, that he believes that the only way to escape poverty, is to do something about it yourself. But to do  so there needs to be an even playing field, where society does not favour the richer people. â€Å"Education is one way out of poverty, but the road is only worth taking when combined with social justice,†3 Since poverty and finding his place in society was a big part of Hare’s life, it is obvious that he uses parts of his life as examples, to get his message out. He uses examples from his life experience, so that he can come across as more reliable, when he argues his message. He makes it easier to persuade the reader – this is the rhetorical technique ethos. This comes across when he argues that people, who are born poor, find it hard to find their place in society â€Å"I had escaped poverty [†¦] A year later I was plunged right back into poverty again.†4 Hare uses a lot of contrasts in his essay, to show the difference between poverty in the olden days that he experienced as a child, and the poverty nowadays – here he uses the kids as an example. The poverty in his childhood was to him much happier than the poverty today. People cared for each other and looked out for each other, they trusted each other even though they had nothing and might gain more from stealing from amongst each other. They were happy neighbours in Leeds in the 60s. Today the poor feed themselves with drugs and misery – poverty is a fact in Britain. Today’s poor are a contrast to the 60’s poor – today they are all alone, back then they stood together. Hare underlines his message when he uses this contrast. The message; that even though his father was poor and beaten physically, he was rich and happy socially and mentally, whereas today the poor are both poor inside and out. When he underlines his messages with examples from his own life experiences, he gets a stronger appeal, which makes him seem like a more honest and trustworthy person. Hare also uses the rhetorical technique pathos by the use of adjectives, in this case to make the reader take a certain side. â€Å"Margret Thatcher was out to destroy the miners’ union†5 Here it is obvious that Margaret Thatcher is the bad guy who wants to destroy all the miners, and therefor he wants the reader to feel sorry for them. The central problem with Hareâ₠¬â„¢s essay and his statements, that poverty is only a state of mind, is that it is psychological. Poverty is big part of humanity, and being physically poor means that your possibilities are restricted. Those people who are stuck in poverty and can’t get out, it becomes difficult to reflect on the riches such as love and care. His point is good, when he claims that if you feel  and think you are rich, then you are, but he forgets that despite his family was very poor, they were not unemployed. To conclude it all – the 21st century seemed to be a lovely change, democracy was on its way forward and there was growth in the middleclass. But when the financial crisis boomed in 2008, those unprepared paid a great price. Poverty became reality – especially in the north where unemployment shattered over the people. The parliament from south did not have a solution, and if nothing is done to change that rise in poverty, both the physical but also mental poverty, perhaps Great Britain will lose its greatness.

What is Ethical Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is Ethical Leadership - Essay Example Leadership is defined as the power to motivate people by words, actions and deeds using vision, belief and truthfulness. Ethical leadership is defined as the process of â€Å"ethically motivating others in ethical directions† consisting of both â€Å"procedural† and â€Å"substantive† (character-based) aspects (Chumir, 1992). The procedural dimension of ethical leadership includes problem-solving and decision-making techniques within the circle of ethics. For example, ethical leadership demands that the leaders, before putting their decisions into action, inform and discuss them with the parties which are going to be affected by their decisions. This means that the concerned parties are being given due respect and importance. The substantive aspect of ethical leadership includes knowledge, strong standards and courage to follow ethical directions despite strong opposition. The success of an organization depends largely on value-based actions and deeds. Ethical le adership will take care of the workforce so as to maintain a healthy environment within the organization. An ethical leader will keep track of having the salaries paid in time with no delay, will consider paying rewards and bonuses to the employers, will listen to the workers’ problems and will try to eliminate them. This will keep them working at high efficiency rates. The ethical leader will make pacts with business partners keeping in view what they want and respecting their decisions.

Ford Motor Company was simultaneously manufacturing a car model with Essay

Ford Motor Company was simultaneously manufacturing a car model with transmissions made in Japan and the United States - Essay Example With the advent of software applications the SPC is now simpler to implement. Concept: To understand the concept behind the technique of Statistical Process Control, it is necessary to revise some basics of normal distribution and approximate confidence intervals. SPC specifically addresses the processes that exhibit natural variations. These variations are also called as common cause variations. These variations when plotted on a graph as data points represent a bell-shaped curve distribution which is known as Normal Distribution sometimes referred to as natural distribution. Some of the examples of normally distributed data are heights of people or weights of people. According to the same concept; any data which is bell shaped symmetrical in nature and has a tendency to follow the Normal Distribution usually approximately follows the following set of theorems: 1- That approximately 68% observations shall be covered within one standard deviation around its arithmetic mean. i.e.  µ  ±? 2- That approximately 95% observations shall be covered within two standard deviations around its arithmetic mean. i.e.  µÃ‚ ±2? 3- That approximately 99.98% observations shall be covered within three standard deviations around its arithmetic mean. i.e. ... Statistical Process Controls enables the users to frame the correct and incorrect variations in a process. Based on the above mentioned concepts; we can create a process monitoring system which can assure us to observe the whole process running under two tolerance limits namely upper control limit and lower control limit. These limits are obtained by the same concept of approximate confidence intervals. So after setting the limits (which are also termed as pre-alarm) we can run the process and monitor each observation through a Process Control Chart. Therefore we can set the following definition of SPC: Statistical Process Control is a process that uses statistical concepts based Control Charts to analyze and monitor the behaviors of processes by assessing the variations in them. The main strength of Statistical Process Control lies within its Control Charts which furnish an easy and simple way to conclude whether the variations in a process are in the controlled limits or not. These charts are simple time based graphical representations of data that is related to a process. On an x-y axis graph, the time is generally represented on x-axis. The data points plotted are usually the individual readings, averages of subgroups or values representing ranges. There are additional horizontal lines used to represent the control limits. Multiple types of control charts are used to serve their respective purposes. Control charts are used not only to monitor the performance of a process but they can also help identify the factors that hamper the process’s peak performance. The output variance over time is considered out of control when it crosses the specific control limits that represent the normal levels of variations. The control limits are

The relationship between changing of labor force(total labor number ) Essay

The relationship between changing of labor force(total labor number ) and Unemployment rate - Essay Example Majority of employees are either young or old. The labor participation rate for women is lower than originally estimated. Experts argue that the number of women in the labor force will increase as soon as the economy recovers. The labor participation rate often affects the unemployment rate in the economy. It is important to note that with lower labor participation rate, with the same level of unemployment, there will be lower unemployment rate(McBride 1). If the employment growth could continue, for example, 250,000 jobs a month in 2012, and the participation rate (63.7% in 2012), statisticians predicted a 7.3% fall in December 2012 (McBride 1). For this reason, the higher the labor participation rate, then there will be a reduction in the unemployment rate. This study will be useful in explaining why changes in the labor force will mask gains in the jobs situation (McBride 1). Currently, the unemployment rate has reduced significantly, since the Great Recession. However, the labor force has not changed. A research by McBride, he defined the labor participation rate as the percentage of Americans at the working-age, who are either working or looking for jobs. Statistics indicate that the labor participation rate is at a 35-year low. Many people lay the blame for this rate to the economy, which has not been constant. Experts argue that the fall in the unemployment rate is because of the decline in the labor force participation (McBride 1). Reports indicate that the US labor force has changed positively because of demographics. Additionally, the same reports indicate that the US labor force keeps shrinking. During the previous years, the unofficial unemployment rate kept dropping even though job creation has been relatively soft (McBride 1). For instance, during the past four months, the U.S government created 150,000 jobs a month (McBride 1). However, the unemployment rate has been dropping precipitously. What is the reason for this? From

Executive Function Performance Test Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Executive Function Performance Test - Essay Example Reliability is the degree to which an instrument measures the same way each time it is used; it may be estimated by the agreement between examiners and its internal consistency. In the study, interrater reliability was measured using intraclass correlation coefficients and Cronbach’s alpha for each of the tasks, and to correlate each of the test domains with the total score. Validity is related to how close the results, based on the measurement, are related to the truth. In the present study, validity was measured by comparing the performance across the three groups, founded in the results of measurements. In addition, the scale was compared and correlated with other neuropsychological measures which are known to assess executive functions. According to the results, shown in table No 1 of the original document, the demographic characteristics were similar in the study groups. The control individuals were younger, but there was no statistical significance. Patients with moderat e stroke had higher scores in the EFPT tasks, followed by patients with mild stroke, and control individuals. Both the EFPT total score and each of the executive functions showed a similar trend. These results confirm the hypotheses of the study. The study has the strength of evaluating a scale that measures instrumental tasks and the level of assistance affected individuals need in these tasks. As with other scales, researchers are measuring important characteristics of this instrument: validity and reliability.

Positive effects on future U.S. national security based on global Assignment

Positive effects on future U.S. national security based on global trends 2030 - Assignment Example Although there are several elements of global trends, this policy paper will only analyze three of the trends which may have very huge positive effects in future. (Carpenter & Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). NIC should be able to provide framework regarding global trajectories by thinking about probable future and their consequences because it is not possible to predict the future. Explanation There is likeliness that the world of 2030 will be a different world ushering a new era of democratization both at the local and international level. There will be possibility of numerous changes concerning diffusion of power, individual empowerment, demographic changes and growth of food, water and energy nexus (Field & Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2012). Looking at the demographic patterns, there is needed to check on the aging, youthfulness, migration and urbanization because they will have a considerable influence on international relations. Perhaps, by 2030 the popula tion may have gone much higher than expected hence leading to serious constraint on resources that are already very limited. Possibly, there will be a shrinking number of youthful societies hence creating uphill battle of sustaining the living standards because of the large number of aged individuals who may not be able to work and feed the world sufficiently. In addition, there may be increased number of urbanization prompting increase in housing facilities and other amenities in the urban centers and lower food production globally (National Intelligence Council, 2012). Food, water and energy will have their demand going high due to population increase as well as worsening state of climate. Global warming may have serious effects on these critical resources owing to serious crisis. Water levels will go down accompanied by increase in precipitation that would largely increase scarcity in the world. It is undeniable also that the energy consumption shall have gone very high (Carpente r & Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). There is also likeliness of increase in individual empowerment in the coming years which may have a major impact by 2030. Individual empowerment may have very significant effect on poverty reduction being that the middle class will go high due to improved education standards as well as improved healthcare. Middle class will be regarded as the most vital class in the society especially being that they are both cause and effect of other trends such as improved communication and production technologies. Individual initiative will play an important role in taking personal initiatives in solving increasing global challenges. Most people will have access to disruptive technologies by 2030 which may enable them to initiate violence or any other form of information most likely through the social media (National Intelligence Council, 2012). Analysis Looking at demographic patterns, there are issues that should be carefully analyzed such as aging, y outhful Societies and states, migration and urbanization which may impose serious threat on the National intelligence Council. It is undeniable that the age structure is rapidly changing and will therefore have significant influence on the demographic pattern. Particularly, there would be an increase in aged and median age groups may impose health challenges. Youthful minority may have very huge effect when it comes to instability in many countries around the world. It is

Compare and contrast the values, institutions and actions of the Essay

Compare and contrast the values, institutions and actions of the city-states of Sparta and Athens - Essay Example Athenian citizens had enjoyed strong constitutional rights in political and legal aspects. This made them strong, materially and psychologically, which was envied by many non-citizens and these aspects were not compromised upon for anything else. At the Funeral Oration of Pericles, it was declared that the Greek Constitution was unique in its laws and is an example for others. It is meant for all people of the State and hence is democracy. The laws provide equal justice to all in their private differences; no form of discrimination is allowed based on social status or race and creed and not even by economic status. Any citizen serving the State will not be hindered by the obscurity of his position. This freedom extends from government to ordinary life (Butler, K; 18). Political organizations in Athens and the surrounding cities differed in specific instance conflict, as well as cooperation among groups. Athens was always in a better position than other States and tend to dictate to t he smaller states with which it was in league. Failure to meet Athenian expectations, whether reasonable or unreasonable, sometimes resulted in harsh treatment and other sorts of vindications announced. The impact of Greek concepts spread extensively through the Roman jurisprudence and philosophy, particularly the idea of ‘rights’ that the Greek government had announced. On the other side, Sparta was also admired by the Ancient World for different reasons. It was a military prowess and had a stable political system. Military, in Sparta, was different in that it was strengthened to cause repression of the majority of the internal population instead of defense against external aggression. This is treated as an early example of the conscious creation of state institutions for massive, ongoing repression of the kind Hobbes’ absolutist governor would have to have. Contrast to the Athenian ideology,

International business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International business strategy - Essay Example In October 31, 1969, the company was incorporated as Walmart stores, Inc. Over time, Walmart stores have grown globally to 8,159 retail stores in 15 different countries (Walmartstores, 2009); and the story of globalization still continues. Cost effectiveness is the core competence of Walmart. They believe to offer best quality products on lowest possible prices and enable their customers to live better by saving money (Walmartstores, 2009). If Walmart wants to enter UK, their primary objective must be to keep up their brand name high; and for this they have to keep the essence of cost effectiveness. To foray in the UK market, Walmart can take several ways. They can go for merger with another company in UK or they can forward their leap by acquiring another retail company in UK. Setting up a new company on its own in UK seems not to be a good choice for Walmart. A new set up will not have any client base, any reputation in the UK market. Moreover Walmart will not be so familiar with the business customs. So setting up a new business and survive in a competitive environment while get accustomed to its people, culture and business customs will be quite a tough way for Walmart to get into UK market. Building a company from scratch seems to be an unnecessary and expensive way to move on. A merger means two companies coming together and forming a new company altogether and in this case the control would be evenly distributed among the owners of both the companies. If Walmart enters in UK market by merger, it needs to share its control of ownership with the other company. Now if Walmart has to hold on its uneven control, it has to go by acquiring a company or companies in UK (DePamphilis, 2008). The current economic state has been tough for the prospective buyers and at the same time has brought source of opportunities for them. During the time of recent downturn, the prices of many

Drug Testing in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drug Testing in the Workplace - Essay Example This approach has streamed a mix though strong reaction with or against the act. The random drug test and medical assistance is legally applicable incase of rational grounds especially when there is probability/occurrence of an accident involving the worker. Observing behavior such as alcoholic odor on breath, glassy eyes, unsteady composure, slurred speech and multiple errors while working substantiate a proper drug test without any prior notification. Incase the test results positive the employee should be granted rehabilitation epoch and permissible to return to employment following an evaluation by a Substance Abuse Professional [SAP] (Drug and Alcohol Testing). Often such an employee challenges the drug test lest if the result is positive. The victim should be elucidated that workplace drug testing is not a vindication of dismissal, it is adapted by the company to safeguard its work environment as well as to achieve the expected performances & production goals by its employees. Strict action maybe taken incase of recurring liabilities of any employee. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, "civil disobedience can be defined as refusal to obey governmental demands or commands especially as a nonviolent and usually collective means of forcing concessions from the government" [1866]. This means that the individuals responsible for civil disobedience are willingly accepting the legal consequences on behalf of their actions since they are involved in falsification of the law. The justification of severity of the legal action is dependant upon the act executed by the persons and its consequences. The mode of action and the motivation for acting must be kept in view while legally examining the act (Civil Disobedience). In terms of environmental causes or animal rights, civil disobedience is often the universal retort by the populace concerned about such issues. Such a dilemma requires action that reflects the protesters' compassion towards the egalitarian principles. The conventional environmental groups have turned believers of incorporating undeviating policies like civil disobedience so as to protect their cause. This usually occurs due to the disappointment concerning the leisurely outcomes of the governmental authorities regarding vindicated environmental issues. It so happens, that such environmentalists involved in safeguarding their root violate the law through their aggressive obliteration of the court, however justified in the other case. These concerns need to be addressed in-depth by the governmental authorities by crafting the laws in accordance to the mainstream causes of today. Ecological laws should be addressed to cater to the environment and the wild life to avoid such extremist behavior of their supporters. From a resource in the Internet find a current article regarding Deep Ecology, environmental activism, or environmental extremism. Read the article and post a short summary (about 100 words or so) of its main points as your response to this DQ. Include the reference information for your article so everyone can find it if they are interested in reading the material. 250 words The

Post Modernism and Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Post Modernism and Globalization - Essay Example While others view globalization as leading to heterogeneity through heightened hybridization, other quarters view it as something that is leading more towards the production of diversity. Globalization according to many scholars, who believe in post modernism, has caused great ripples in the cultural political and economic situation and stability of the word and has led to new dispensations (Giddens, 1990).. In spite of the existence of several descriptions of the term globalization, believers of postmodernism have come to the point of stating that globalization is a historical break from the norm; one that has been characterized by the development of transnational capitalism, the production of post –Fordism configuration or the view that globalization is a new cultural view of what has previously been termed as capitalism.Implications of GlobalizationIt is beyond doubt that globalization has upon the world fallen with its effects beyond taking for granted. The phenomenon has been associated with several benefits and limitations. The benefits of globalization include the opening of markets, greater k[prosperity for societies, freer trade, greater respect for individuals and communities and the springing of a global culture that has greater respect for human rights based on western ideologies as noted by Lipietz (1996). Conversely, the alternative side of globalization has mainly included the weakening and possible abolition of cultural and national liberties by transnational organizations.

Business plan for a new business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business plan for a new business - Essay Example here are still people who are willing to invest part of their earnings in maintaining their gardens because they understand that a neat, planned and lush green lawn is a status symbol and adds pride to their property. The mission of Ladybird Lawn Care is to offer its customers a valuable source for maintaining their lawn and landscaping needs. We believe in exceeding the expectations of our customers by delivering superior quality and innovation. We strive to develop and retain long term relationships with our customers and employees. To be known as the premium landscape and lawn maintenance company in the city of New York; and to expand our operations worldwide. Honesty, innovation and dependability form the foundation for building strong customer relationships. The internal environment of Ladybird Lawn Care considers treating its employees with respect and care which makes their job enjoyable; as a result, the company flourishes. Ladybird Lawn Care is owned by Marina Rivera who is the CEO of the company. He holds the vision that maintaining lawns is equally important as maintaining customer loyalty and employee commitment. Ladybird Lawn Care is a USA based lawn care business which will initially provide service to customers in the city of New York and later expand to the suburbs. The company makes sure that the products it uses to treat lawns are organic and free of harmful chemicals. At Ladybird Lawn Care, the employees are highly trained and best quality lawn care equipments are used to exceed customers’ expectations. Ladybird Lawn Care has established its first office in New York. The target market of the company includes lawn owners that fall between the age group of forty to sixty five. The customers are educated and have an income level slightly above average. These customers are usually busy employees or business owners who believe that a well organized lawn reflects their social status but do not find enough time to manage the lawns on their

The evolution of rape to sexual assault legislation and its impact on Essay

The evolution of rape to sexual assault legislation and its impact on sentencing - Essay Example This is because; married women were considered to be the property of their husbands and, therefore, forced coitus by one’s spouse was not considered a crime. In this instance, it was only considered a crime if the female was an unmarried virgin. Over time, these laws have evolved so as to ensure fairness in the way such cases are handled. However, there is still inconsistency among various states in regards to the laws that relate to sexual assault. Despite all these factors, what is evident is that presently, forced penetration of both genders is a serious offence under the law. There are still some grey areas in regards to the actual definition and understanding of terms such as consent and force. It has now been widely established that forced penetration of an individual is known as rape. Recently, the definition of rape has been enhanced to include penetration without force but also without consent. Rape is a sensitive matter and these varying opinions make it difficult for one to really know if they are indeed victims of such assaults (Caringella, 2009). This will also influence their decisions to seek legal redress and report the crime to the relevant authorities. Much of this change is due to feminist groups in the United States who struggled to ensure that the rights of women were protected in regards to rape. They have been at the front line in coming up with the correct definitions and the laws that are used to prosecute offenders. It is the same group which has been at the forefront in lobbying for laws that protect women from violence. They also pushed for the adoption of rape shield laws. These laws protect a victim of sexual assault such that in case of a trial, the victim’s sexual history will not be questioned. Such questions are used to intimidate victims and try to insinuate that they had somehow attracted the rapists. By adoption of the laws, it is now easier for rape victims to report such incidences due to the fact that their

Human Services Research Article Discussion Essay

Human Services Research Article Discussion - Essay Example (2) Is it conducted correctly? (3) Does it support the conclusions reached? (4) What, if any, additional statistical analyses could be performed on this data to gain further knowledge? (5) Are the findings misleading or biased? And (6) does the article incorporate graphs or tables that facilitate understanding? â€Å"Social Work Practice in Child Welfare from a Cross-Cultural Perspective: Concepts of Change Process† by Kui Hee Song Presentation of the Material The article was presented in appropriate form and structure consistent with the guidelines set by the APA Publication Manual. It is clearly structured with headings and subheadings and contains eight tabular illustrations that summarize results of the author’s findings. Starting from a concise introduction that provided the theoretical background for the study, the author proceeded with a presentation of research questions, the methodology, major findings, results of the major hypothesis testing and implications f or social work practice. The references conform to APA guidelines and brief information about the author appears right after the references to provide concise but comprehensive data on work experiences, interests, major accomplishments, service contributions and contact information.

Diffrenece between living in usa and uae Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diffrenece between living in usa and uae - Essay Example Need I say more? The UAE like the United States is a country made up of states that are largely independent. The seven states of the United Arab Emirates are: Ras al Khaimah, Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Umm al Qaiwain, Dubai, Fujairah and Sharjah. However, unlike the US, the UAE is governed by a Supreme Council of Rulers made up of the seven emirs, who appoint the prime minister and the cabinet. I know this is not the democracy that the US purports to be practicing but I can assure you that of all the countries in the Gulf, the UAE is the most liberal. The UAE government promotes moderate Islam and permits all other religions. However, I believe that freedom and democracy like everything else needs to be moderated and I am of the opinion that this concept is deeply lacking within the American society. In America I could find people outside a shopping mall cursing the president at the top of their voices. You won’t see that in the UAE. Whichever way you view it, I dont think this is a good thing. In UAE a culture of respect is cultivated for the blue-bloods and other figures of authority. That is the proper thing to do. The UAE has a free modern health care system and education, a booming economy and political stability in the midst of an unstable region. It does not cost its citizens an arm and a leg to obtain medical care as is the case within the US healthcare system. This could probably explain why life expectancy has rapidly caught up with and will soon surpass that for Americans. 99 percent of UAE nationals work in the state sector because of its attractive benefits while in the US the civil service is considered the least attractive employer. Furthermore, if getting a job in Dubai is accompanied by a tax free salary. Yes, you are not going to drown in taxes like in the US plus all shop goods can be bought at tax free prices. Job opportunities are diverse and plentiful. In comparison to America, the

Motifs in The Great Gatsby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motifs in The Great Gatsby - Essay Example This actress had none of Daisy’s sophistication, her voice when she spoke echoed off the walls behind her in a brazen, brassy tone that spoke of street markets and low change as compared to the melodious, soft, money-filled voice of Daisy’s. The buzz of conversation that flitted around us as we circulated spoke of such low topics as business and finances, things that belonged in the workplace, not in decent society. Daisy fell into a pattern of simply nodding to these individuals and moving on, in much the same way a queen might pass among her subjects on her way to a finer, more noble company. That Daisy was bored was immediately apparent to any who laid eyes on her, though she tried to remain gay.2 â€Å"I don’t believe I know any of these dances,† Daisy responded, looking coolly about the crowded floor on which several people could be seen performing the new street dances that were just becoming recognized by the theater set. â€Å"Perhaps it is just a little too hot to dance anyway. Shouldn’t we instead go somewhere cool?† Pulled along in their wake like a small tugboat trying to get away, I accompanied Daisy and Gatsby on their stroll about the grounds. Our feet inevitably led us to Gatsby’s garage, where the great yellow car rested in opulent stasis. â€Å"Oh, anything to get some wind. It’s so hot and still these days,† Daisy said in response, not at all concerned that she was taking the host away from his party or leaving her husband in the comforting arms of another Broadway hopeful who was ‘too common’ for her to concern herself about. We went for a ride toward the city, speeding along at breakneck speeds on the empty roads of the New York nighttime, only stopping long enough to allow Daisy to get behind the driver’s wheel because she was bored with just riding on the passenger side and felt perhaps driving would help to

Cytochrome b6f complex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cytochrome b6f complex - Essay Example As one of the major photosynthetic protein that is widely been explored in the study of biochemistry, the cytochrome b6f complex is commonly found not only in green algae but also in cyanobacteria (Baniulis et al., 2009; Whitelegge et al., 2002). Each time the plants undergo photosynthesis, the cytochrome b6f complex plays a significant role in the process of transferring the electro-chemical proton 11 across the thylakoid membrane (Laisk, Nedbal and Govindjee, 2009, p. 159). In other words, the thylakoid membrane in plants is responsible in introducing some protons within the close surroundings of the thylakoid. As part of analyzing the biochemistry and role of cytochrome b6f complex in the photosynthesis of plants, this study will purposely gather and make use of several scientific-based literature in discussing not only the relationship between the Cytochrome b6f complex and its biochemical structure but also the basic modes of enzyme catalysis in relation to some specific example s. Relationship between Functions of Cytochrome b6f Complex to their Structures To be able to clearly explain the relationship betwen the functions of cytochrome b6f complex and its biochemical structure, it is necessary to first explore the biochemical structure of cytochrome b6f complex followed by discussing the main function of cytochrome b6f complex. ... According to Whitelegge et al. (2002), the structure of cytochrome b6f complex is complex due to the fact that cytochrome b6f complex is composed of as much as eight (8) different polypeptide subunits (Baniulis et al., 2009; Dashdorj et al., 2005; Genji et al., 2004). In line with this, several studies strongly suggest that cytochrome b6f complex is complex since it is composed of a total of seven (7) prosthetic groups (Baniulis et al., 2008; Cramer et al., 2004). Several studies explained that the structure of cytochrome b6f complex is composed of four large subunits between 17 to 32 kDa such as the membrane bound c-type cytochrome f (PetA), cytochrome b6 (PetB), the Rieske iron-sulfur protein which is also known as the Rieske ISP (PetC), and the subunit IV (PetD) (Baniulus et al., 2011; Cramer, Hasan and Yamashita, 2011; Yan and Cramer, 2003; Schneider et al., 2002; Whitelegge et al., 2002). According to Baniulus et al. (2011), petA, petB, petC, and petD are classified as large sub units that can interact well with the redox-active prosthetic groups. Serving as the â€Å"picket fence† type of structure that surrounds the core of cytochrome b6f complex’s four (4) larger subunits, the structure of cytochrome b6f complex is also composed of four (4) other hydrophobic subunits (3.2 to 4.2 kDa) which include the PetG, PetL, PetM, and PetN (Baniulus et al., 2011; Whitelegge et al., 2002). For example, Kugler et al. (1998) mentioned that the chloroplast cytochrome b6f complex is composed of seven (7) different subunits including very small proteins such as PetG, PetL, and PetM proteins. After conducting an ex-ray structure analysis, Genji et al. (2004) found out that the biochemical structure of cytochrome b6f complex in blue-green algae is crystal in form. Because of

What Is the Best Motivational Package for Philadelphia Co. to Enhance Research Paper

What Is the Best Motivational Package for Philadelphia Co. to Enhance Employee Productivity - Research Paper Example The present study would analyze the case of Philadelphia Company with regards t addressing the issue of lack of motivation among the employees of the organization. The study would mainly be based on a primary research that would try to collect primary data from the customers, employee as well as the managers of the organization in order to understand the underlying reasons behind the lack of motivation among the employees of the organization. The results of the survey would be used to suggest plausible recommendations for the organization. Implication of strategies like a 360 degree appraisal and initiating free and fair appraisal apart from career development programs like training and development can help in restoring and enhancing the motivation levels of the employees of the organization. Introduction The age of competition has necessitated an urgent need for business organizations to go beyond analyzing the sales figures and business strategies but also ensure organization excel lence. In this regard the role of human resource management becomes utmost important as human resources are the most valuable assets for any organization. It has also been stated in numerous researches that an efficient human resource base should be essentially motivated so as to ensure job satisfaction.These aspects involve considerable importance as de-motivated and unsatisfied employees’ leads to high turnover rates and also lead to inefficiencies in the organization. In order to ensure greater productivity it is necessary to ensure that workers and employees are consistently rewarded. It is also very necessary to ensure that there is career development of the employees. The present study would analyze the reasons behind the de-motivation of the employees of Philadelphia Co that is a housekeeping company and has a small employee base of which most of the workers are from other nations like Sri Lanka, Indonesia and Philippines. The study would try to analyze the reasons beh ind their de-motivation and would also suggest plausible recommendations in order to ensure better productivity and increased motivation among the workers. Research Question The research question for the present study is stated below: To analyze the effects of motivation of workers on organization’s productivity To analyze the reasons behind the de motivation of workers at Philadelphia Co To find possible solutions towards ensuring motivation of employees at Philadelphia Co The three research questions would try to first analyze the effects of employee motivation on the levels of productivity of the employees. It would also try to analyze the possible reasons for the de-motivation of the employees by conducting an in depth analysis of the research question and finally the research would also try to find possible solutions for imparting greater motivation among the employees of the organization so as to help generate competitive advantage. Procedure and Methodology The researc h methodology would be a mix of primary and secondary research techniques that would help in analyzing the research questions and also enable in the formulation of plausible recommendations that would help in ensuring organizational excellence. The secondary research would try to analyze the research question as to the effects of employee de-motivation on the job satisfaction levels and the impact on the overall

Loyalty Program Essay Example for Free

Loyalty Program Essay We go through 7 strategy steps to design a loyalty program for Cabo San Viejo which are as follows:   Before we suggest a customer rewards or loyalty program, it is important to understand what is the company’s long term vision, For whom this program is to be implemented i. e. who are the company’s best customers, what are their needs and expectations, the reasons for having such a program and the expected outcome. So the first question is: What is Cabo San Viejo’s long term vision? Was the company directing its activities in overall achievement of this vision? The vision of the company was to help people live healthier lives. Initially there was a gap between the operational objectives of making people lose weight by way of low calorie diet and the vision of getting people to live healthier lives by inculcating sustainable lifestyle ways. However, this gap had been bridged but the positioning gap remained. Who were Cabo San Viejo’s targeted customers? Was there any gap between targeted and actual customers? If we go by the vision statement, anybody wanting to live a better and healthier life was Cabo San Viejo’s targeted customers. These could include smokers, obese men and women, even obese children, stressed couples or singles, workaholic professionals, over worked top executives and managers etc. However, Cabo San Viejo was attracting mostly females (70%-80% of the guests) with an increasing average age over the years, the last average being 57 in the year 2004. Thus, mostly older females were visiting the resort who wanted to indulge themselves and feel better about their body and themselves. Also, their household income was high. Comparing this with the summer guests, the latter group had less income and was also comparatively younger in population. Thus, we can link the age, income level and affordability. Usually younger people are less wealthy and thus find such vacations expensive. Not only this, the perception of Cabo San Viejo first as a fat camp and then as a boot camp was discouraging people to come there. Also, 67% of guests came through word of mouth indicating that the above line marketing was performing poorly. Campaigns targeting specific groups of people showing indulgence in activities of their interest like hiking for young crowd, spa treatment for women, consultation for couples etc would be likely to bring out the varied health solutions offered by Cabo San Viejo. What were the needs of the guests at Cabo San Viejo? Was there any gap in meeting the needs or their expectations? The individual needs of the customers varied quite a lot. To understand and cater to the needs of the customers, the company had efficiently trained its reservation staff who helped customers choose the appropriate package as according to their goals and objectives. The very fact that 95% of the customers rated their experience as either very good or outstanding shows that Cabo San Viejo was operating efficiently. However, if Cabo San Viejo was to target a more demanding and younger customer base in future, it would have to exceed is current delivery promise. The needs have been met but the expectations of repeat customers have not been satisfied some of whom have expressed their resentment for not being rewarded for their continued patronization. Therefore we have recognized: Perception of Cabo San Viejo as a boot camp needed to be changed. †¢Young customers needed to be attracted. As they had higher expectations and smaller pockets, loyalty program needed to focus on value proposition by means of discounts etc. †¢Older customers were mostly wealthier and would not be looking for a value deal like the younger customers. Cabo San Viejo had around 5000 repeat customers each year which a healthy figure is making up about 60% of the total arrival figure. Around 3500 new guests arrive each year of which 32% revisited within 5-6 years and 62% of repeat visitors returned again within 5-6 years. The primary reason for not returning was the high costs. Here we reiterate that to attract more repeat customers, value must be offered. Why does Cabo San Viejo need a customer loyalty program? †¢Retention: One of the primary reasons for most loyalty programs is o retain the loyal customers by appreciating them and the business they generate for the company by making them feel special and good about their association with the company. †¢Offer enhanced value proposition: A loyalty program which offers a value deal to its customers who need it will get Cabo San Viejo more patronization. However, it is to be understood that not all customers need or expect value deals. Enhanced Satisfaction: Recognition by way of loyalty program makes a customer feel good and thus enhances satisfaction which in turn leads to more positive word of mouth. †¢Positive Word of Mouth: Around 60% of Cabo San Viejo’s customers called in for inquiry based on word of mouth. †¢Enhance image as a responsive company: Cabo San Viejo explicitly encourages customers to complain if unsatisfied. It is through such feedbacks that Cabo San Viejo has got to know that customers expect such a program implementation. Whenever a company asks for and receives complaints, it is best to respond or may lead to customer resentment. Counter Competition: If not rewarded for loyalty, customers may switch to other competitors. How much is the desired/expected impact? Having analyzed this, we now estimate the impact. The impact of a loyalty program is usually incremental and observed over a period of time. The expected increase in retention is say, 10%1 over a period of say, 5 years2. Also, people coming from reference is expected to increase over the years enabling the company to cut marketing costs elsewhere. 1The expected retention percentage is found either based on internal company data or industry expert advice.

Parental Involvement Essay Example for Free

Parental Involvement Essay The goal of positive and productive family and community involvement is on every school improvement list, but few schools have implemented comprehensive programs of partnership. Research suggests that this goal is an important one to reach because families and communities contribute to childrens learning, development, and school success at every grade level. Studies are accumulating that show that well-designed programs of partnership are important for helping all families support their childrens education in elementary, middle, and high schools. That is, if schools plan and implement comprehensive programs of partnership, then many more families respond, including those who would not become involved on their own. Three questions need to be addressed to help educators move from believing in the importance of family and community involvement to conducting effective programs of partnership: What is a comprehensive program of school, family, and community partnerships? How do family and community partnerships link to other aspects of successful schools? How can all schools develop and sustain productive programs of partnerships? Components of a Comprehensive Program of Partnerships A framework of six types of involvement guides schools in establishing full and productive programs of school-family-community partnerships. This section summarizes the six types of involvement and discusses a few sample practices that are being implemented in schools across the country that are working to improve and increase family and community connections. Also noted are some of the challenges that all schools must overcome to create successful partnerships, along with examples of results that can be expected from each type of involvement for students, families, and educators. Comprehensive programs of partnerships include activities for all six types of involvement. Because there are many activities to choose from, elementary, middle, and high schools can tailor their programs of partnerships by selecting activities that match specific school goals and the interests and needs of students and families. Type 1–Parenting. Type 1 activities are conducted to help families strengthen parenting skills, understand child and adolescent development, and set home conditions to support learning at each school level. Type 1 activities also enable families to provide information to schools so that educators understand families backgrounds, cultures, and goals for their children. Sample practices. Among Type 1 activities, elementary, middle, and high schools may conduct workshops for parents; provide short, clear summaries of important information on parenting; and organize opportunities for parents to exchange ideas with other parents, educators, and community experts on topics of child and adolescent development. Topics may include health, nutrition, discipline, guidance, peer pressure, preventing drug abuse, and planning for the future. Type 1 activities also provide families with information on what to expect and how to prepare for students transitions from pre-school to elementary school, elementary to middle school, and middle to high school. Additional topics for successful parenting may concern family roles and responsibilities in student attendance, college planning, and other topics that are important for student success in school. Schools also may offer parents General Educational Development (GED) programs, family support sessions, family computer classes, and other learning and social opportunities for parents and for students. To ensure that families provide valuable information to the schools, teachers may ask parents at the start of each school year or periodically to share insights about their childrens strengths, talents, interests, needs, and goals. Challenges. One challenge for successful Type 1 activities is to get information from workshops to parents who cannot come to meetings and workshops at the school building. This may be done with videos, tape recordings, summaries, newsletters, cable broadcasts, phone calls, and other print and nonprint communications. Another Type 1 challenge is to design procedures that enable all families to share information easily and as needed about their children with teachers, counselors, and others. Results expected. If useful information flows to and from families about child and adolescent development, parents will increase their confidence about parenting, students will be more aware of parents continuing guidance, and teachers will better understand their students families. For example, if practices are targeted to help families send their children to school every day and on time, then student attendance will improve and lateness will decrease. If families are part of their childrens transitions to elementary, middle, and high school, then more students will adjust well to their new schools, and more parents will remain involved across the grades. Type 2–Communicating. Type 2 activities increase school-to-home and home-to-school communications about school programs and student progress through notices, memos, conferences, report cards, newsletters, telephone calls, e-mail and computerized messages, the Internet, open houses, and other traditional and innovative communications. Sample practices. Among many Type 2 activities, elementary, middle, and high schools may provide parents with clear information on each teachers criteria for report card grades; how to interpret interim progress reports; and, as necessary, how to work with students to improve grades or behavior. Type 2 activities include parent-teacher conferences; parent-teacher-student conferences; or student-led conferences with parents and teachers. Student involvement in conferences helps youngsters take personal responsibility for learning. Activities may be designed to improve school and student newsletters by including student work, a feature column for parents questions, calendars of important events, and parent response forms. Many schools are beginning to use e-mail, voice mail, and websites to encourage two-way communication between families and teachers, counselors, and administrators. Challenges. One challenge for successful Type 2 activities is to make communications clear and understandable for all families, including parents who have less formal education or who do not read English well, so that all families can understand and respond to the information they receive. Other Type 2 challenges are to know which families are and are not receiving and understanding the communications in order to design ways to reach all families; develop effective two-way channels of communication so that families can easily contact and respond to educators; and make sure that students understand their roles as couriers and interpreters in facilitating school and family connections. Results expected. If communications are clear and useful, and if two-way channels are easily accessed, then school-to-home and home-to-school interactions will increase; more families will understand school programs, follow their childrens progress, guide students to maintain or improve their grades, and attend parent-teacher conferences. Specifically, if computerized phone lines are used to communicate information about homework, more families will know more about their childrens daily assignments. If newsletters include respond-andreply forms, more families will send ideas, questions, and comments to teachers and administrators about school programs and activities. Type 3–Volunteering. Type 3 activities are designed to improve recruitment, training, and schedules to involve parents and others as volunteers and as audiences at the school or in other locations to support students and school programs. Sample practices. Among many Type 3 activities, schools may collect information on family members talents, occupations, interests, and availability to serve as volunteers. These important human resources may help enrich students subject classes; improve career explorations; serve as language translators; monitor attendance and call parents of absent students; conduct parent patrols and morning greeters to increase school safety; and organize and improve activities such as clothing and uniform exchanges, school stores, and fairs. Schools may organize volunteers to serve as home-room parents, neighborhood representatives, and sports and club contacts and may establish telephone trees to help parents communicate with each other about school programs and events. Schools may establish a corps of volunteers to offer a wel-come wagon of information about the school to students and families who enroll during the school year. Schools also may create opportunities for mentors, coaches, tutors, and leaders of after-school programs to ensure that students have experiences that build and expand their skills and talents and that keep them safe and supervised after school. Some Type 3 activities may be conducted in a parent room or family center at the school where parents obtain information, conduct volunteer work, and meet with other parents. Challenges. Challenges for successful Type 3 activities are to recruit volunteers widely so that parents and other family members feel welcome; make hours flexible for parents and other volunteers who work during the school day; provide needed training; and enable volunteers to contribute productively to the school, classroom, and after-school programs. Volunteers will be better integrated in school programs if there is a coordinator who is responsible for matching volunteers available times and skills with the needs of teachers, administrators, and students. Another Type 3 challenge is to change the definition of volunteer to mean anyone who supports school goals or students learning at any time and in any place. This includes parents and family members who voluntarily come to school as audiences for students sports events, assemblies, and musical or drama presentations, and for other events that support students work. It also includes volunteers who work for the school at home, through their businesses, or in the community. A related challenge is to help students understand how volunteers help their school and to encourage students to interact with volunteers who can assist them with their work and activities. Results expected. If tasks are well designed, and if schedules and locations for volunteers are varied, more parents, family members, and others in the community will assist elementary, middle, and high schools and support students as members of audiences. More families will feel comfortable with the school and staff; more students will talk and interact with varied adults; and more teachers will be aware of and use the time, talents, and resources of parents and others in the community to improve school programs and activities. Specifically, if volunteers serve as attendance monitors, more families will assist students to improve attendance. If volunteers conduct a hall patrol or are active in other locations, school safety will increase and student behavior problems will decrease because of a better student–adult ratio. If volunteers are well-trained as tutors in particular subjects, student tutees will improve their skills in those subjects; and if volunteers discuss careers, students will be more aware of their options for the future. Type 4–Learning at home. Type 4 activities involve families with their children in academic learning activities at home that are coordinated with students classwork and that contribute to student success in school. These include interactive homework, goal-setting for academic subjects, and other curricular-linked activities and decisions about courses and programs. Sample practices. Among many Type 4 activities, elementary, middle, and high schools may provide information to students and to parents about the skills needed to pass each class, course, or grade level and about each teachers homework policies. Schools also may implement activities that can help families encourage, praise, guide, and monitor their childrens work by using interactive homework strategies; student-teacher-family contracts for long-term projects; summer home-learning packets; student-led at-home conferences with parents on portfolios or folders of writing samples or work in other subjects; goal-setting activities for improving or maintaining good report card grades in all subjects; and other approaches that keep students and families talking about schoolwork at home. Family fun and learning nights are often used as a starting point to help parents and students focus on curricular-related topics and family interactions. These meetings require parents to come to the school building. A systematic approach to increasing academic conversations at home is found in the Teachers Involve Parents in Schoolwork (TIPS) interactive homework for the elementary and middle grades. Challenges. One challenge for successful Type 4 activities is to implement a regular schedule of interactive homework that requires students to take responsibility for discussing important things they are learning, interviewing family members, recording reactions, and sharing their work and ideas at home. Another Type 4 challenge is to create a schedule of activities that involve families regularly and systematically with students on short-term and long-term goal-setting for attendance, achievement, behavior, talent development, and plans for college or careers. Results expected. If Type 4 activities are well designed and implemented, student homework completion, report card grades, and test scores in specific subjects will improve; and more families will know what their children are learning in class and how to monitor, support, and discuss homework. More students should complete required course credits, select advanced courses, and take college entrance tests. Students and teachers will be more aware of families interest in students work. Type 5–Decision-making. Type 5 activities include families in developing schools mission statements and in designing, reviewing, and improving school policies that affect children and families. Family members become active participants on school improvement teams, committees, PTA/PTO or other parent organizations, Title I and other councils, and advocacy groups. Sample practices. Among Type 5 activities, elementary, middle, and high schools may organize and maintain an active parent association and include family representatives on all committees for school improvement (e.g., curriculum, safety, supplies and equipment, partnerships, fund-raising, postsecondary college planning, career development). In particular, along with teachers, administrators, students, and others from the community, parents must be members of the Action Team for Partnerships, which plans and conducts family and community involvement activities linked to school improvement goals. Schools may offer parents and teachers training in leadership, decision-making, policy advocacy, and collaboration. Type 5 activities help to identify and provide information desired by families about school policies, course offerings, student placements and groups, special services, tests and assessments, annual test results for students, and annual evaluations of school programs. Challenges. One challenge for successful Type 5 activities in all schools is to ensure that leadership roles are filled by parent representatives from all of the major race and ethnic groups, socioeconomic groups, and neighborhoods that are present in the school. A related challenge is to help parent leaders serve as effective representatives by obtaining information from and providing information to all parents about school issues and decisions. At the high school level, a particular challenge is to include student representatives along with parents in decisionmaking groups and in leadership positions. An ongoing challenge is to help parents, teachers, and students who serve on an Action Team for Partnerships or other committees learn to trust, respect, and listen to each other as they collaborate to reach common goals for school improvement. Results expected. If Type 5 activities are well implemented in elementary, middle, and high schools, more families will have input into decisions that affect the quality of their childrens education; students will increase their awareness that families and students have a say in school policies; and teachers will increase their understanding of family perspectives on policies and programs for improving the school. Type 6–Collaborating with the community. Type 6 activities draw upon and coordinate the work and resources of community businesses; cultural, civic, and religious organizations; senior citizen groups; colleges and universities; governmental agencies; and other associations in order to strengthen school programs, family practices, and student learning and development. Other Type 6 activities enable students, staff, and families to contribute their services to the community. Sample practices. Among many Type 6 activities, elementary, middle, and high schools may inform students and families about the availability of community programs and resources, such as after-school recreation, tutorial programs, health services, cultural events, service opportunities, and summer programs. This includes the need to assist students and families to gain access to community resources and programs. Some schools work with local businesses to organize gold card discounts as incentives for students to improve attendance and report card grades. Collaborations with community businesses, groups, and agencies also strengthen the other five types of involvement. Examples include enhancing Type 1 activities by conducting parent education workshops for families at community or business locations; increasing Type 2 activities by communicating about school events on the local radio or television stations, and at churches, clinics, and supermarkets; soliciting volunteers from businesses and the community to strengthen Type 3 activities; enriching Type 4 activities by offering students learning opportunities with artists, scientists, writers, mathematicians, and others whose careers link to the school curriculum; and including community members on Type 5 decision-making councils and committees. Challenges. One challenge for successful Type 6 activities is to solve problems associated with community-school collaborations, such as turf problems of who is responsible for funding, leading, and supervising cooperative activities. The initial enthusiasm and decisions for school-community partnerships must be followed by actions that sustain productive collaborations over the long term. Another Type 6 challenge is to recognize and link students valuable learning experiences in the community to the school curricula, including lessons that build on students nonschool skills and talents, their club and volunteer work, and, in high school, their part-time jobs. A major challenge is to inform and involve families in community-related activities that students conduct. Related challenges are to help students understand how community partners help their school and to engage students, themselves, as volunteers and in service-learning in their own schools, in other schools, and in the community. Results expected. Well-implemented Type 6 activities will increase the knowledge that families, students, and schools have about the resources and programs in their community that could help them reach important goals. Well-designed community connections will increase student access to and participation in community programs. Coordinated community services could help many students and their families prevent health, social, and educational problems or solve problems before they become too serious. Type 6 activities also should support and enrich school curricular and extracurricular programs. Summary. The six types of involvement create a comprehensive program of partnerships in elementary, middle, and high schools, but the implementation challenges for each type of involvement must be met in order for programs to be effective. The quality of the design and content of the involvement activities directly affect the expected results. Not every practice that involves families will result in higher student achievement test scores. Rather, practices for each type of involvement can be selected to help students, families, and teachers reach specific goals and results. The examples above include only a few of hundreds of suggestions that can help elementary, middle, and high schools develop strong programs of partnerships. How Partnerships Link to Other Aspects of Successful Schools Good schools have qualified and talented teachers and administrators, high expectations that all students will succeed, rigorous curricula, engaging instruction, responsive and useful tests and assessments, strong guidance for every student, and effective school, family, and community partnerships. In good schools, these elements combine to promote students learning and to create a school climate that is welcoming, safe, caring, stimulating, and joyful for all students, educators, and families.